Time Designs

SEPT/OCT '85 $3.00

FOR THE T/S 2068 AND ALL OTHER
a VOL. 1 NO. © TIMEX AND SINCLAIR COMPUTERS US. FUNDS

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KNIGHTED COMPUTERS
707 HIGHLAND ST.
FULTON, NY 13069
(315)593-8219

GREAT NEWS FOR 2068 OWNERS !2!

NEW LOWER CATALOG PRICES - EFFECTIVE 8-17-85
NEW PROGRAM OFFERINGS FOR THE UNMODIFIED TS2068

(FOR THE 182068) MACHINE CODE TUTOR (FOR THE 152068)

FINALLY !! Just the programs we’ve all been waiting for! These quality professionally written programs will help you to
learn machine code. Machine Code Tutor consists of 33 lessons on two cassettes (loaded in four parts). The instructions
include actual examples and exercises to enable anyone with some knowledge of BASIC (it helps) to learn machine code. The
system includes a simulated assembler that will help you spot errors without actually crashing the program. All registers in
the 780 are fully covered for your 1S2068. The manual that comes with Machine Code Tutor also is formated along the lines of
the programs on the tapes. This program (originally for the Spectrum) has been converted to work on your 2068 without the use
of a Spectrua ROM ! ORDER YOURS NOW ONLY $18.50

(MACHINE LANGUAGE SPREADSHEET) OMNI CALC 2 (MACHINE LANGUAGE SPREADSHEET)

OMNICALC2 is a spreadsheet analysis program designed to make full use of the 152068. It gives you access to a grid of
nuabers which can be up to 99 columns across or 250 rows deep. All the math functions of the 2068 can be used, making it easy
to build up sophisticated models for financial, engineering and many other applications. You can even set up conditional
expressions, so that things such as tax, differential interest rates and variable overheads can be easily accomodated. $19.50

Flease update your previous catalog (if you have one), or -
write tuiusy for «a free catalog (catalog sent with order from this
Listing dubomalicallyd.

PaGE TITLE wiw COST ; = PABE TITLE WEW COST ; PAGE TITLE WEW COST | = PAGE TITLE WEW COST
l PERSONAL ACCT 17. t TALI 10,95 10 ZUESS ASSEMBLER 17.50 18 = YADOM 8.50
\ PRU/FILE 2068 18.50 6 —_ AQUAILANE 10.95 12 S8ARJ MICRUDKIVE 144,50 18 AWOROIDS (CASS) 5.00
| TASWURD II 18.50 b THe SNUWHAN 10.95 13 FIGHTER PILOT 16.99 {8 GULPAAN N/A
2 SERLEN CALC N/A } CYBIRD ASSAULT 4.50 15 HORACE & SPIDERS N/A 19 ROMSWI ICH 49.50
2 wW-30 N/A 7?‘ TINEUATE 14.99 15 HORACE - SKIING 5.00 19 GAMES DESIGNER = N/A
K) NIGHT GUNNER 16.95 ? SMUGGLERS COVE 8.90 16 FLIGHT SIM.(CART) 14.99 19 -& FREDO N/A
dF IuHIER PILOT 1b.95 ud sOMAKE A FACE 16.00 fb BLIND ALLEY 5.00 193 ANT ATTACK N/A
4 QULTZALCOAIL 10.95 i] KINDERCOMP 16.00 16 CASINO | N/A 20 TRAM 10.95
4 AlnED OUT 0.50 a Kills ON KEYS 16.00 16 =GENERALA N/A 20 =VELNOR'S LAIR 10.95
5 TRADER TRILUBY = 10.95 4 ALPHALET /00 16.00 17 PINBALL N/A 20 = 30 STRATEGY 8.50
5 RUBLER 10.95 9 -RULTI-DRkAW 9.95 17 THE CHESSPLAYER = 8.50 20 = BUBABOO 10.95
§ Lost 10.95 10 ZEAL DISASSAMBLER 9.95 18 + kKDGGER NiA 21 LASER? OWE 10.95
21 GRIDRUNNER 1u.95 24 so LSP COMPILER 16.30 25 WHI or MMII (EA) =9.50

22. STARE TRE 10.95 24 =PANASUNIC 1090 199.00 25) 2QND DRIVE (Ab) = 99.50

22. ‘Jabual H. Su 24 PANASUNIC 1091 283.00 25 BLANK CASSETTES (EA).75

23° WAKNESS HCPER 10.95 29 TH20bH COMPUTER 149.99 25 WAKO BOXES (EA) 20
23> GkEYHOUND HUPR 10,95 230 ALPHALON 32 PIR 46.95
23) THOROUbHBRED HEP 10.95 2a ALKUU OC/P ONE 24.99

Here's at action-packed arcade-style gaae based 3 Denotes Spectrum prograss $4 Does not include wafer wheel or water Caddy (storage devices).
Cee ee ae ee eet ae Pacem ger ge Ot e011) leg ee me eS ea ee Se ee ee ree
and boabd aiser whose task 15 to defend your plane
against envay attack and destroy the ground targets WE HAVE ALSO ADDED THESE NEW TITLES TO QUR PRUDUCT LINE ''! ALL HAVE BEEN CONVERTED TOD RUN OW THE 152068 '!!
in WO different aissions, The rewards are high tor
the expert asrksaan, but beware, the going gets TRASHMAN for the [S2ubH This ts an exciting (Joystich Control) game - a hit in England for the Spectrum. You play the part of
tougher on each new aission. One or two player gaae, a Trashman just trying tu meke « living ly emptying the trash Cane put out into the Garbage truck as it Slowly moves down the
with up to 4 levels of play. High speed graphics. streets, you du have a time limit - but cam get extra time for doing the Little extras that housewives have asked you - watch
another tine progea@ true Digital Integration - the oul when crossing the streets - watch out for those dogs when you walk on some folks nice lawns ! - Many Surprises |! $ 11.95

folks that brought you FIGHIEK PILOT.
TRAVELS WITH TRASHMAN (The sequel to the above) - - Your aission ts tu go forth into the world and throw away all the trash.
(JOWSTICK AND KEYBOARD COWTROL) 16.95 Quite a few places uf interest can be vieited, bermany, Hony Kong, France, lereal, Spain, Samoa, and of course America - lots
vf action and good graphics - challenging and every bit as youd as TRAGHMAN, also, Joystick controlled (or keyboard). 6 11.95
C0-0-P=0oi6- IE Oa b£ k= 8 ECE PEED
SHIPPING AMD HANDLING -CUNTINENTAL U.S.A. -$3.00 (COMPLETE ORDER - EXCEPT MONITOKS & FULL SITE PRINTERS)
SHIPPING AND HANOLING -nAWAIT and PULKIU RICO -$10.00 (COMPLE TE ORDER) WE DUNT SHIP MUNETUKS OR TO HW) of PR
HUURS “EST MUN THRU FRE LPM TILL GPM 8% SATURDAYS GAM TILL 4PM 3% SUNDAYS AN) HULIDAYS - CLOSED
we DU NUT ACCEPT CHAROE CARDS - WE WANT 10 KEEP GUk PRICES =-== LO W ===
We CAN SHIP MEKLHANDISt C.0.0. (Continental USAd - ADD $1.90
PLEASE — INCLUDE FULL NAME, ADDRESS, AND PHUNE NUMBER WHLN UKDEKING
ALL FRILLS AND PRODUCT SUBJECT 10 CHANUL wi Tiul NUTILE

BBEDAMIOIN1 111 RRQOMIUL (001111

SEPT/OCT °85

VOL.1 NO. 6

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY
29722 Hult Rd.e Colton, Oregon 97017

(503) 824-2658

Editor: Tim Woods

Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods

Photography: Tom Judd

Production: D.L. Woods

Contributors: Warren Fricke
Michael E. Carver
Earl Dunnington
Dick Wagner
Dennis Jurries

Printed by: Toad'L Litho Printing and
Composition, Oregon City, OR

Time Designs Magazine is published bi-
monthly and Is copyrighted © 1985 by

the Time Designs Magazine Company.
Reproduction of this magazine In whole

or In part by any means without written
permissfon is prohibited by law.
Subscriptions: $15 for one year (six
issues) in U.S. funds only. 3rd class
bulk rate postage is paid for by T.D.M.C.
permit no. 51, Colton, Oregon.

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Notice: Contributors to Time Designs
are independent of the Time Designs
Magazine Company, and opinions ex-
pressed in the contents of the magazine
are not necessarily those of the
management. Time Designs Magazine Co.
will not be held liable for any

damage or consequences resulting from
instructions provided in the magazine's
content.

See es ee ee SE eae
Editor's Corner..
Letters...

Bits And Pieces.
Pablo Pixel-O ao Se ee ae
Adventures In The RAM Jungle...

A Monitor Adapter For The 1500......
Zebra Gr api cast aviet Garces isc cece
ZIP BASIC Compiler.

The Bookshelf.........

Users Group Update....

2068/Spectrum Wares...

American FPootbhdlil .. 2... cesses
ae Shopping Mr tiasuaA sean - cae sa ta

QUENT EAOEQOAUOOUEPUAU EA TOA PEA OEAU TAU EUU EA EA EA DETTE EAA AAA

CO ditonre

Conner

This issue I want to take a minute,
and examine...just who are the people that
use Timex/Sinclair computers? For my re-
search, I conducted a very informal survey
from the subscription and correspondence
files of Time Designs Magazine. The re-
sults of this brief but non-scientific
study may not suprise you at all. There is
just about everybody represented from all
walks of life...Doctors, Dentists, Truck
Drivers, Students, Housewives, Teachers,
Factory Workers, Retired Persons, Small
Business Owners, Engineers and Corporate
Executives.

Many T/S users have 1000's or ZX8l1's.
Others have a 2068. A big percentage own
both models. The reasons for purchasing a
computer are also very diverse. They range
from the development of hardware and soft-
ware, educational applications, graphic
design, conducting business, learning to
program in BASIC, and most of all (every-
one included)...to have good, clean, and
honest to goodness fun!

I get a kick out of reading the com-
ments sent by one particular gentleman. He
States, “You know, I wouldn't trade my

little Sinclair for a truckload of Conm-
modore or Atari's!"

Out of this large group of various
backgrounds and interests, there is one
thing in common. All have recognized what
a friendly and really good computer a T/S
is. It has been coined before, but the
title People's Computer is appropriate.

Just who are the people that use T/S
computers? It's people just like me and
you! Let's keep learning and sharing to-
gether.

Last issue, you may have noticed that
we didn't print any correspondence. Un-
forunately, we ran out of room. But here
and now, we will make up for it and in-
clude several notes and letters that were
sent the past few months. We will print as
many as possible, but if we didn't get to
yours, don't feel bad...just keep writing,
we will get around to yours too.

Ng

“@ LETTERS

Direct all correspondence to: The Editor c/o Time Designs
29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017

"Thanks for the TASWORD TWO tips (in
the May/June 1985 issue). I have tried to
use these in my Tasword Two PROBLEM. When
I try to print double-spacing, ect; the
program locks up! I do not have infor-
mation for the 2040 printer per line feed,
baud rate, ect. Would you care to have
another article in TIME DESIGNS on _ the
subject?? I appreciate any and all infor-
mation on the T/S 2068. This area only has
about ten owners of the 2068, so we have
to rely on information such as T.D., for
this. I also subscribe to the CTM, which
is a very reliable publication.

Thanks for any help you and _ others
may care to impart for us!

Sincerely,
W.E. Walker
Huntington, WV

[Editor- TASWORD TWO is probably the best-
selling word processor for the 2068 to
date. We will print any useful tip that is
sent in. Hey Bill and Paul...have you dis-
covered anything new? ]

“Just a note to let you know that I
am very pleased with the issue that has
started my subscription. Also, I commend
you on your feelings towards the use of
manila envelopes (in the March/April '85
issue). With an attitude like yours, the
magazine should go a long way. I certainly
hope so...”

Brad Blanck
Honolulu, HI

",.-l own a T/S 2068 and the 2040
printer. I would like to know more about
how to program my machine in BASIC, how to
program my machine in assembly, how to
attach peripherals...for instance, I am
intrigued by the Oki color printer (or
even the Radio Shack color printer), but
they sell the printer with a computer-
specific $50 "connection package". Can we
make our own with plans in your magazine?
Can we interest them in making a _ series
that would fit the 2068s? Can we modify an
existing Atari or Commodore connection
set? I am looking forward to receiving
your magazine. Why haven't I heard of you
before?”

Thank you,
Kenneth Martin
Wyoming, MI

[Editor- The Okidata "“Okimate 10" color
printer would be a very inexpensive way to
produce hard copies of T/S 2068 color
graphics. I have seen the printer go for
as low as $115. You might get some help
from the customer or service dept. at
Okidata (532 Fellowship Rd., Mt. Laurel,
NJ 08054, phone 609-235-2600), but it is
unlikely. I know of a west coast users
that sent in a petition to try and get a
2068 “Plug n Print” package developed. One
of our readers may have some information
on interfacing. Anyone? |

“Thanks for the issue #5 I received.
As usual, another great issue. The article
on T/S 2068 graphics was very informative.

7~™the port on the player's

A good addition to your magazine might be

a column of programming tips and tiny pro-

grammes that show off how great a 2068 is.

».-keep those issues rolling!"

a Russell Ochocki
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada

[Editor- Hmmm, sounds like a

idea Mr. Ochocki. |

very good

"I have a copy of your Vol.l No. 4
issue before me. On page 10 there is a
machine code routine for joystick oper-
ation. It so happens that I have an almost
identical program written 100% in BASIC,
that was used in my classes to illustrate
joystick operation and use. This BASIC
routine is much shorter than the m.c. ver-
sion in your article and provides diagonal
motions to the player's piece in addition
to horizontal and vertical motions. More-
over, it is just as fast because the speed
of operation is limited by the GOTO loop
that each uses. Mine also allows a_ second
joystick to be added, if desired, with
very little modification.

One other comment on this
zode routine. I have used a REM
m.c. storage, but find that
codes of control characters
awkward situation arises with

machine
line for
whenever’ the
appear, an
regard to

automatic LISTing. For this reason, I use
REM only, for storage of say UDG data,
where such numbers might be avoided. If

one does want to store m.c. in high RAM,
consider the area in SYSTEM VARIABLES,
starting at address 23756. There are 542
bytes available here that are not normally
used. If these are used for storage, how-

ever, we must leave the loader portion of
the program intact as otherwise SAVE be-
comes a two-step operation."

[Editor- This was the first letter we re-

ceived from Mr. Fricke. Then... ]

“The short, BASIC routine to which I
alluded...is enclosed [see above]. This is
a demonstration routine only, but it can
be readily altered to incorporate into any
game program. In this demo routine it is
assumed that the joystick is plugged into
left. Refer to
Lines 20 and 25. RUN the routine. A "x"
will appear at Row 10, Column 10. This
asterisk can be moved in any one of eight

3

directions by positioning the joystick.
The action of the GOTO loop is fairly fast
(hence Line 45), and the asterisk may

re=
peat the movement too quickly. If so, a
deliberate stepping action can be intro-
duced by a line like...

17 IF STICK (1,1) O THEN GOTO 17°

Now we must jog the paddle for each step.

We can't use PAUSE 0 to step the action as

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STICK can not release PAUSE like a key-
stroke does.
In this demonstration routine the

fire button will print the word FIRE near
the center of the screen when pressed. You
can erase the word by running the asterisk
thru it.

The conventional joystick produces a
diagonal motion if the paddle is so posi-
tioned, but there is a drawback. The first
step, before a diagonal one is taken, must
be either vertical or horizontal. This is
an inherent flaw in joystick design. To
get a diagonal motion, two electrical con-
tacts must be closed inside the joystick,

and it is generally not possible to close
them simultaneously. Hence, the motion
starts off either horizontally or vert-

ically, depending upon which switch closed

rirst.
Very truly yours,

Warren Fricke

Depew, NY
[Editor- TIME DESIGN readers, look for
more information and an original program
on 2068 joystick control in the upcoming

issue (Nov/Dec 85) from Mr. Fricke. ]

a a ee en Ne RN NEES LR SE

MAXWELL DEAL FALLS THROUGH

In a suprising turn of events, the
Robert Maxwell plan to buy-out Sinclair
Research has back-fired. The earlier offer
that was made this last summer (that had
been accepted) was withdrawn. Therefore,
the situation at Sinclair as far as own-
ership, remains unchanged. Sir Clive is
still the Chairman, and still owns 83% of
the common stock. The actual completion of
the Maxwell/Sinclair deal never took place
...the papers were not signed, nor was any
money exchanged.

In further related developments, the
financial situation has improved for the
time being. Dixons, a large chain-store in
England, has purchased a substantial a-
mount of Siclair merchandise, creating a
positive cash flow. The “package” deal in-
cluded both Spectrum and QL computers, and
the Sinclair Pocket TV. The total deal was
slightly less than 20 Million pounds worth
of inventory, and will be spread out over
a period of time. In other words, it was
not all paid for at once, or shipped out
at once. :

Analysts are predicting large price
cuts on Spectrunts and QLs this November
and December as a result of the Dixon pur-
chase.

Rumors have it, in the British press,
that some new Sinclair products are on
their way...although Sinclair has strongly
denied all intentions. The most prominent
items of discussion are the 128k Spectrum
(a super-powered version of the Spectrum
Plus), and a battery-powered portable com-
puter (that reportedly uses flat-screen TV
technology and has the ability to upload/
download files from a QL).

BUGS ali PACES

|

and his rise to fame, that is about to
published in England. It is appropriately.
titled "The Sinclair Story". The author
has held back from releasing the book, to
monitor Sinclair's present situation. The
book is reported to be a "“rags-to-riches"
account, and any drastic changes due to a
shaky computer idustry, could possibly
alter the outcome of "The Sinclair Story".
Here at home, the small staff at Sin-

clair/U.S. Operations is about to embark
on a large ad campaign for the American
version of the QL. There is a_e sizeable

amount of product coming from Korea
and QLsales are brisk.

now,

PORTUGAL 2068 AND DISC DRIVE
UPDATE

The highlight and headline-maker of
the year has finally materialized. Two
companies in the U.S. are currently sell-
ing the Portuguese Disk Drive System which
is manufatured in a Timex factory for
2068. Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica
Ave., Woodhaven, NY 11421, (718) 296-2385,
has the drive system (entitled Zebra Disk
Drive System) and also quantities of the
required Hitachi-type 3 in. floppy disks.

The English Micro Connection, 15 Kilburn
Court, Newport, RI 02840, (401) 849-
3805 has the drives for sale under the

name "EMC Portuguese Disk Drive System".
They also have the 3 in. disks, and _ the
Portuguese 2068 computer. It is suggested
that potential buyers of the 2068 Disk
Drive System call or write these companies
for current pricing and availability. Due
to fluctuations in the International Money
Market, prices may change. Also, supplies
of these systems are somewhat limited at
this time, and generally customers are put
on a waiting list after pre-payment has
been made.

The 2068 Disk Drive System will LOAD
and SAVE American 2068 software like PRO/
FILE and Tasword Two (U.S. version). It
has a sophisticated, yet “user-friendly”
operating system in ROM called TOS. It
uses none of the 2068 RAM (since it has
it's own), and commands are entered from
the upper-row keys of the 2068 (like CAT,
FORMAT, OPEN#, ect.). The drive system

There is a biography of Uncle Clive 4 comes complete with interface, controller,

be’ >

the

™,

power supply, and one drive, is silver-
colored and styled like the T/S 2068. Ad-
ditional drives are also available.

A subscriber Bob Howard from West
Covina, CA, passed this information along:
“Your readers may be interested in knowing
that I ran across an ad in RAINBOW, the
magazine for the Radio Shack CoCo Two,
closing out AMDEK 3 in. (Hitachi) dual-
drives in case with power supply. Since
these are the same as the Timex Portugal
Drive for the TC2068, they represent a
nice package for those thinking about an
independent interface such as Aerco or
John Oliger Co. John Oliger tells me that
Ray Kingsley, who is programming the op-
erating system EPROM, has a set of AMDEK
drives, so they will be compatible for
sure. The AMDEK deal is from SAGUAREO
SOFTWARE, PO Box 1864, Telluride, CO 81435
(303) 728-4937. Now hold on to your hat!
Price is $199 including cable and ten
diskettes. The 10 Diskettes could cost as
much as $80 alone by some sources as_ they
are not the 3 1/2 inch Sony-type, that are
at least $5.25 each too! Extra diskettes
are $25 for 10. Note that this is a close-
out, so may not last forever..."

AERCO DISC DRIVE SYSTEM

Dennis Jurries further comments on
the AERCO FD-68 floppy disc interface had
to be postponed an issue, as the newest
DOS EPROM update arrived just a few days
before going to press. Reportedly, the up-
date contains the final "extensions-to-
BASIC". Dennis has been experimenting with
the system, and will give an account of
what he has learned.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The twelve page User's Guide for the
TIME (X) CHANGE BBS is now available for
$1.00 (to cover postage and printing).
Send your name and address, along with a
buck to: Dave Clifford, 13910 Halldale
Ave., Gardena, CA 90249. Dave has put a
lot of work into the manual, and it covers
topics such as "How To Log-on", Special

Commands And Functions, Transferring Soft-
ware, and an explanation of the MODEM/X-
MODEM Protocol. The TIME (X) CHANGE is the
“West's only BBS dedicated entirely to the
Timex/Sinclair User". It is on-line 24
hours a day, seven days a week...and is
free. Access telephone number is (213)
32924922,

MEMOTEXT/MEMOCALC USERS
GET NEWSLETTER

A newsletter published for Memotext
and Memocale users is available. "MEMO-
NOTES" is published four times a year by
The Syneware Group. Subscription price is
$13.95 for a year. MEMONOTES is primarily
written by Memotext "expert" Fred Nachbaur
of Nelson, B.C., Canada. The first edition
is ten pages, and crammed with all sorts
of user tips and background information.
Subscription orders should be directed to:
MemoNotes c/o Thomas B. Woods, PO Box 64,
Jefferson, NH 03583.

PRICES SLASHED

Both KNIGHTED COMPUTERS (707 Highland
St., Fulton, NY 13069) and RAMEX (48945
Van Dyke Rd., Utica, MI 48087) have re-
duced their prices from previous catalog
listings. For example, Knighted Computers
had offered their popular "Fighter Pilot"
and "Night Gunner" game programs for the
2068, for $19.95 each. New price is $16.95
each. Some of their Quicksilva programs
are as low as $8.50. Ramex is offering
Similar discounts, but for a limited time
only (Knighted Computer prices are more or
less here to stay). For example, in the
month of August, Ramex offered Tasword Two
(a program that first sold for $49.95) for
only $14.95. With prices like these, our
T/S dollar goes a lot farther.

nl
2a SS

MORE NEWS IN
2068/SPECTRUM-WARES SECTION........

A SUPERB HIGH-RESOLUTION GRAPHICS-DESIGN PROGRAM FOR THE ZX-81/TS 1000
PLUS AN EXPANDED AND VERSATILE VERSION FOR THE T/S 2068...

example i

I have thoroughly enjoyed my ZX-81 for years. I have
added a full-size keyboard, 64k of memory and the Timex/
Sinclair 2040 Printer. I've always lamented the Jack of
nigh-resolution graphics, but have never felt compelled
to invest the extra money for the needed hardware or s/w.
The following program will allow you to use your ZX-81/TS
1000/1500 and either the Sinclair or Timex Printer to
create high-resolution graphics (see examples 1-4). Good-
bye "blocky" pictures!

The characters of the ZX-81 are generated using an
eight by eight grid. Each line of this grid is stored as
a binary number in the ROM (addresses 1£00n to 1EE7h). IF

you were to PEEK the eight addresses for the letter "0"
in the ROM, you would find the decimal/binary code in
Fig. 1. For each "1" in the binary code, a pixel is set

on the screen, producing the pattern "0".

Due to the design of the ZX-81, only codes stored in
the actual ROM can be generated onto the screen without
the use of extensive machine code programming. By using
the routines contained in lines 500-570 and 1000-1090 of
listing 1, and a lifted version of the LLIST subroutine
from the ROM, any eight by eight character can be gener-
ated via your printer.

USING PABLO PIXEL-O

The program is designed for you to draw a picture
and create individual characters to produce a high-res
copy of it. Graph paper which is ruled in eight by eight
grids will help you map out your characters. Draw or
trace your picture onto the graph paper. Next, darken
each square (pixel) which is a line or solid/shaded
element of your picture. not
contain an empty 8x8 grid, you define an

(NOTE: if your picture does
may

wish to

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PABLO PIXEL-O

by Michael E—. Carver

extra "space" character to help you in formatting later
on.) Total up the number of different characters (8x8
pixel grid) you will need to compose your picture. Now
count up the number of characters in each line (a max. of

32) and the number of character lines in your picture.
You may wish to design your picture sideways and create a
long panorama, but it can only be 32 characters high.

You are now ready to LOAD the program and begin
creating your own characters. Before LOADing, you will
need to lower RAMTOP by entering "POKE 16389,124", then
followed by "NEW".

DEFINING CHARACTERS

When the menu appears, choose option 1-- "Define

Characters" (see fig. 2). This will set up a blank array

the
enter a

in which to store your data. Answer the prompt with
total you calculated earlier. You may wish to
total slightly higher than the amount of characters you
wish to define, allowing for any errors or additions.
When prompted, enter each line of the 8x8 grid as a space
or an inverted space (GRAPHICS/SPACE...see fig. 3). When
this character is produced by the printer, a pixel will
be set (black) for each inverted space and unset (blank)
for each space. If, after entering all eight lines, you
are not satisfied, answer "NO" to the prompt and you will

have the option of starting over for that character or
changing individual lines. (Keep track of the order in
which you define your characters as they are coded and

stored in this order. Character code "1" is for the first
character defined, code "2" the second defined, ect.)
After you have completed your character definition, the
screen will go blank for a few seconds while the computer
analyzes and stores the data. If you would like to return
to the menu during definitions, enter "M" as the first
space in any line. This will allow you to check your pro-
gress or save your data. NOTE: To continue definitions,
choose option 2 “Continue Definitions", as-option 1 will
clear all data from memory!

SEEING IS BELIEVING

You can review a portion of your work with “"Big-
Bits'--option 8. Tnis option will display up to eight en-
larged characters across and six down, using the standard
Sinclair graphics. (See example 5) When prompted to enter

7™~

Fig. 2

DEFINE CHARACTERS....22ee1
CONTINUE DEFINITIONS.....2
PICTORE “COCING.w.ccscucsced
PRINT OUT PICTURE. ..s eect
SAM Bs. 2.sd0: 020 © sees we ce ee ee t S
RE-DEFINE CHARACTER......6
CONTINUE PICTURE CODING..7
BIG-BiTS ace nese csacecsa eS
ENTER ONE OF THE ABOVE

code numpers, enter the number for the character you wish
displayed (remember, character 1 is the first character
defined, 2 is the second, ect.). After entering the codes
the screen will go blank while the computer stores this
information on a “notepad". You will then see an enlarged
version of the characters in the order you specified. By
pressing "M", you can return to the menu, "Z" will make a
copy of your enlarged characters on the printer. NOTE:
The program uses part of the machine code stored in REM
to set up the COPY routine in ROM, copying as many lines
as are needed.

HARD EVIDENCE

To print a copy of your picture in high-resolution,
choose option 3--"Picture Coding". Follow the prompts, by
inputting the totals you calculated for the width and
height of your picture. You will again be asked to enter
codes for the newly defined characters in the order to be
printed. After entering all of the character codes, you

will be returned to the menu. If you only wish to print
Out a portion of your picture, entering "0" for a char-
acter code will return you to the menu. You may return

to coding the picture by
Picture Coding".

choosing option 7--"Continue

Option 4--"Print Out Picture" will pro-
duce a high-resolution picture via the printer. The mon-
itor screen will go blank for a few seconds while the

computer transfers data to a notepad, after which it will
print out one line of your picture. This pattern will
continue until all of the picture has been printed. After
After you have finished "“codinao" your picture, a copy can
be obtained at anytime by going directly to option 4.

fig. 3
PLOT OUT CHARACTER 1

123456765

AUP OME

HOW DID THAT GET THERE?

If you would like to correct or re-definé a char-
acter, option 6 will allow you to re-define any character
you designate. Re-define a character by following the
steps for defining, line by line.

PRESERVING THAT MASTERPIECE

Option 5 will save the program and any data already
entered. NOTE: if you break the program, do not RUN, as
this will erase all of the data entered. Continue by en-
tering GOTO 600, putting you into the menu. When you re-
load the program, the menu will appear and you may con-
tinue from there.

ENTERING THE PROGRAM -
TSiocoo version

Before entering listing 1, lower RAMTOP by entering
POKE 16389, 124 and NEW. Line 1 should contain 113 char-
acters after REM. When you have finished typing in the
program, it is prudent to save it to tape before RUNing
the program. After you have made a back-up copy, enter
FAST mode and enter GOTO 9000. This will load the machine
code into the REM statement. Tnis subroutine will check
for most typing errors while entering the machine code
contained in A$. After the code has been transferred to
the REM statement, you may delete lines 9010-9170. To
save this completed version to tape, set-up your recorder
to record and start the tape, enter as direct commands,

-

example 5
(big-bits)

CLEAR and GOTO 3000. Remember, you will lower

have to
RAMTOP by POKting 16389 with 124 before loading this pro-
gram into the computer.

Listing 2 is a disassembled version of the machine

code for the 1000 version. Addresses 16514-16529 contain
the table holding the different graphic characters used
by Big-Bits. The routine starting at 16530, looks at two
lines of each character. It first looks at the first two
bits in each line and calculates a matching character
from the graphics character table, printing this graphic
symbol. Then it moves on to the next two bits of each
line, calculating and printing until all bits have been
translated. This procedure is repeated until all eight
lines of the character has been printed and then moves on
to the next character. The routine at 16621 copies the
screen to the printer. Register D is loaded with the num-
ber of screen lines to be copied. The routine then jumps
into the RO™ s copy routine.

ENR USE AT ERIS NOLO IEP EDIE ATTEN IES BEELER EB AES EP ELLE LEELA CEE ERED ENTE AE TILE LEAS GE ESET EEE IDBERII ES SPS ENE LOEB SEA TEE IEEE LEO
SEASIDE SOE ATE EAD AE ESATA EDIE TELE EE EE BEE SIS SOE SIE GEL ALOE TILIA LO OES EERE D EE RIES PRET LE AEE EL COE NI RP BE TS SRE RT PETES ETT

BY THE NUMBERS

Line 1: Machine code for option 7? "“Big-Bits”"
Lines 2-3: Initializes flags
Lines 5-60: "Lifts" the LLIST routine from ROM and places t

above RAMTOP with modifications.
Lines 100-130: Initializes arra, to store new character coding.

Lines 180-345: Accepts data for defined characters as a graphic
binary code and changes the binary into decimal for storage.

Lines 350-390: Allows tor corrections before storage of data is
made.

Lines 400-495: Sets up picture array and accepts code numbers
in the order you wish them printed.

Lines 500-365: Converts and stores character codes for printing
of picture.

Lines 600-670: Contains the menu.
Lines 700-740: Sets up editing of already defined characters.

Lines 800-990: Subroutine which sets up data for the machine

code for Big-Bits.

Lines 1000-1090: Stores the 8 lines of code for each character
to be printed for each line of your picture and calls the LLIST
routine store above RAMTOP.

Lines 2000-2040: Saves the program with any data entered.

Lines 9010-9170: Machine code loader.

Some of the Variables:

D(8): Holds decimal code for individual lines of character
being defined.

DS: Blank line to mask or clear prompts printed to the screen.
I1$(6,8): Accepts "plotted" version of character.

Cs Total amount of characters to be defined.

C#$(C,8): Stores CHR®S for the CODE of each line of defined
characters. (By storing these codes in a tring array we
conserve memory. To store 100 characters using a numerical
array would require 4K, opposed to 800 bytes using characters --
i.e. the number S53 is stored as "P".)

W& Le Width and Length, in characters, of you planned picture.

P(L,W): Contains character code numbers in the order to be
printed.

i (325-38 Stores the eight lines of each character for printing
of one line of the picture.

Bté,8)* Stores the character codes in the order to be displayed
during Big-Bits option.

example 2

example 3

example 4

POMS AT 21,

1 REM AAAAAAAAAAAAAASAAAAAAAAB
AAAAAAAAABBEBBBBEBEBBEBEBBBBBEB
BBEBEBBBEBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDND

2 LET L=0

3 LET H=0

5 FAST

10 FOR I=0 TO 112

20 POKE 31744+1,PEEK (2161+1)

30 NEXT I

40 POKE 31800,63

SO POKE 31857,201

70 GO TO 600

100 CLS

105 DIM D(a)

110 DIM D®(32)

115 DIM I18(8,8)

120 PRINT AT 2,0; "HOW MANY CHAR
ACTERS DO YOU WISH TO DEFINE?"

125 INPUT Cc

130 DIM C#(C,@)

180 FOR F=1 TOC

ZOO PRINT AT 20,0;D#;D$;AT 5,63
"1"ZSAT 21,15 "12345678"5AT 4,73"
12345678"

205:-CiLs

210 PRINT AT 0,03; "PLOT OUT CHAR
ACTER "5; (F AND NOT EDIT) +(H AND
EDIT?

215 PRINT AT 20,0;D$;DS;AT 5,6;
;"12345678"3AT 4,75"
.2345678"

220 FOR A=1 To &

225 INPUT I$(A,1 TO @)

230 FOR E=1 TO 8

235 PRINT AT 20,0;D%5;" 1234567e

240. IF 39-6055 ="M* THEN-—GO- TO
600

245 IF I8(A,F)=" " OR IS(A,B)="

{THEN -GO- FG. 260

250 PRINT AT A+4,7; "RE-ENTER"
255 GO TO 225
260 NEXT B
265 PRINT AT A+4,7;I18(A,1 TO 8)
TAB 6;CHR® (A+29 AND ACS)

270 NEXT A

275 PRINT AT 20,0;D$;D#;AT 20,0
;"ARE YOU SATISFIED?”
280 INPUT AS

285 IF CQDE AS=51 THEN
50

290 FOR A=1 TO 8

295 LET D(A)=0

300 FOR B=1 TO &

3O5 LET D(A)=D(A)¥2+CODE STR (
CODE I$(A,B)/128)-28

310 NEXT B

215 NEXT A

220 FOR P=1 TO 8

325 LET C#((F AND NOT ELIT) +(H
AND EDIT),P)=CHR® D(P)

730 NEXT P

335 IF EDIT THEN GO To 600

or

GG: T0335

yore 390 NEXT F

345 GO TO 600

350 PRINT AT 20,0;D$;D*;AT 20,0
+"DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE INDIVID
UALLINES?"

3355 INPUT AS

360 IF CODE A®=51 THEN
os

365 FPRINT AT 20,0;D¢;D#;AT 20,0
3 "WHAT LINE DO YOU WISH TO CHAN
GE2*

370 INPUT A

375 PRINT AT 20,0;D#;AT 20,03 "W
OREENG? ON LINE "ASAT 21,505" 12
3945678"

380 INPUT IS$(A,1 TO 8)

385 PRINT AT At4G4,735;18(4,1 TO 8)

SO tO:-2

390 GO TO 275

400 CLS

401 PRINT AT 5,0; "HOW MANY SPAC
ES ACROSS WILL YOURPICTURE BE?
(32 MAX.) "

403 LET RE=0

405 INPUT W

410 IF W>32 THEN GO TC 400

415 PRINT AT 8,0; "HOW MANY LINE
S WILL BE IN YOUR PICTURE?"

420 INPUT L

422 LET RE=1

425 DIM P(L,wW)

430 CLS

431 PRINT AT 2,0; "ENTEF CODE NU
MBERS FOR NEW", "CHARACTER SET I
N THE ORDER YOU WISH THEM TQ B
E PRINTED."

432 IF At="7" AND RE=1 THEN GO
TO 445

435 FOR @=1 TOL

440 FOR R=1 TO W

445 IF @>L AND ROW THEN GO 7a
600

447 PRINT AT 19,0;D¢;DS;AT 20,6
;"LINE: "303" ¢ SPACE "sR

450 INPUT P(Q@,R)

455 IF P(@,R)>=O0 AND P(Q@,R)<=C
THEN GO TO 470

460 PRINT AT 19,0; "INVALID INFU
T. RE-ENTER: ::"

465 GO TO 450

470 IF F(Q@,R)=0 THEN GC TO 600

4e5 NEXT R

4°90 NEXT @

4°5 GO TO 600

500 CLS

SOS PRINT AT 2,0;"TURN PRINTER
ON AND PRESS ENTER WHEN READY T
O PRINT OUT YOUR PICTURE.”

510 INPUT A

S15 FOR A=1 TOL

Sz0 DIM L(32,8)

=25 LET mM=0

S30 FOR B=1 TO W

S35 LET M=M+1

540 FOR N=1 TO 8

545 LET L(B,N)=CODE (CS(P(A,M,
N))

550 NEXT N

555 NEXT B

560 GO SUB 1000

565 NEXT A

600 CLS

605 LET EDIT=0

610 PRINT AT 2,03 "KX
O FIXEL-O HEKK"

620 PRINT AT 4,3; “DEFINE CHARAC
"SAT 6,33 "CONTINUE

DEFINITIONS..... "SAT 8,3; °PIC
TURE -GOGING..... 3s 3*3 AT 10,
33 F PRINT OUT PICTURE. ...;... 4";
ge te a, ee

FPABL

--S"5AT 14,35 “"RE-DEFINE CHARAC

TERR. S21 GO" SAT -16, 3%" CONT INUE-P
LETURE- CODING. ..7* 5 AT 18,35 “BIG-
Bi: Saree eee ae Se =

630 PRINT AT 20,4;"ENTER ONE OF

THE ABOVE"

64G PAUSE 4E4

650 LET AS=INKEYS.

660 IF CODE AS<29 GR CODE At>36

THEN GO TO 640

670 GO TO 100+(105 AND AsS="2")+4
(300 AND AS="3")+(G00 AND as="4
“)+(1900 AND AS="5")+(600 AND A
="6")+(330 AND AS="7")-(30 AND

(AS="7" AND L=0))+(700 AND AS=
"ery

700 LET EDIT=1

719 CLS

?20 PRINT AT 2,0; "WHICH CHARACT
ER DO YOU WISH TO RE-DEFINE? (
ENTER NUMBER) "

730 INFUT H

740 GO TO 205

600 CLS

805 DIM B(6,8)

810 PRINT AT 21,0; "HOW MANY LIN
ES? (6 MAX.)”"

815 INPUT J

820 IF 3J>6 OR 3J<=0 THEN GO T
810

825 PRINT AT 21,0; "HOW MANY ACR
oss? (8 mMAx.)"

830 INPUT kK

835 IF K>8 OF K<‘=0 THEN GO TO
625

&40 CLS

845 PRINT AT 2,0; "ENTER CODE NU
MBERS IN THE ORDER YOU WISH THE
M DISPLAYED.”

850 FOR A=1 TO J

e655 FOR E=1 To k

860 PRINT AT 19,0;D8$;DS;AT 20,0
;"LINE “;A3" / ‘SFACE “EB

865 INPUT B(A,B)

€70 IF B‘A,B)>=1 AND B(A,B)<=C
THEN GO TG 885

E75 PRINT AT 19,0;"INVALID INFU
T. RE-ENTER: ::"
880 GO TO 860

685 NEXT B

890 NEXT A

€95 LET NOTE=32000
900 FOR A=1 TO 6
905 LET M=0

910 FOR B=1 To 8
$15 LET M=m+i

920 FOR N=i TO 8
925 IF B(A,M) THEN
ODE (C#(B(A,M),N))
530 IF NOT B(A,M) THEN
TE,O

935 LET NOTE=NOTE+1
940 NEXT N

945 NEXT B

950 NEXT A

955 stow

960 CLE

963 POKE 16622,I3%4

965 RAND USR 16530

970 IF INKEY$<>"" THEN
70

975 IF INKEY$="Z" THEN RAND USR

16621

9€0 IF INKEYS<.>"M" THEN
S75

935

990 GO TQ 600

2)

POKE NOTE,C

POKE NO

GO. TC 9

GO TO

1000 FOR J=1 TO 32 16554 CB1i3 RL E

1010 FOR K=1 TO & 16556 17 RLA

1020 POKE 32255+K+6x(J-1),L(63,K) 16557 218240 LD HL,16514

16560 85 ADD A,L ="

1030 NEXT 16561 6F LD L,A

1040 NEXT J 16562 JE LD A, (HL)

1050 FOR H=1 TC 31 16562 2A0E40 LD HL, (16398)

1060 POKE 16444+H,H 16566 7? LD (HL),A
1070 NEXT H 16567 23 INC HL

1080 LET HCOPY=USR 21744 16568 220E490 LD (16398),HL
1090 RETURN 16571 10E3 DINZ, 16544

2000 CLS 16573 D5 PUSH DE

2010 PRINT AT 10,0;"ENTER NAME O 16574 111D00 LD DE,29

F PICTURE:::" 16577 19 ADD HL,DE

2013 INPUT AS 16578 220E40 LD (16398),HL

2020 IF AS="" THEN GO TO 2000 16581 Di POP DE

2025 PRINT AT 10,0;"READY TO SAV 16582 Et POP HL

E PICTURE: "Z;AT 12,0;AS;5AT 19 16583 oD DEC C

,0; "TURN ON TAPE RECORDER", “AND 16584 2O0CF JR NZ, 16537
PRESS ENTER” 16586 ES PUSH HL

2030 INPUT xs 16587 1180FF LD DE,65408
20235 SAVE AS 16590 ZAOE4O LD HL, (16398)
2040 GO TO 5 16593 19 ADD HL, DE
3000 SAVE “PABLO” 16594 220E40 LD (16398),HL
3010 GO TO 1 16597 JE LD A, (HL)
9010 LET ADDRESS=16514 16598 FE76 CP 118

9020 LET A®="0087048302850681018 siacgsieto 20ac JR NZ, 16534
605820384078021007DES5E10E040604 $6602 116400 LD DE,100
S6235E23E5AFCBIZ17CB1217CB1317C 16605 19 ADD HL, DE
B1317218240856F 7EZA0E407723220E 16606 220E40 LD (16389),HL
4010E3D5111D0019220E40D1E10D20C 16609 23 INC HL
FE51180FF 2A0E9019220E407EFE 7620 16610 EDSB1040 LD DE, (16400)
BC11640019220E4023ED5B1040ED521 16614 EDS2 SBC HL,DE
93B8ABE1C91618CD6B08C9" 16616 19 ADD HL, DE
9030 IF LEN AS<>226 THEN PRINT 16617 38AB JR C,16534
"ERROR IN AS PLEASE CORRECT." 16619 El POP HL

9040 IF LEN AS<>226 THEN STOP 16620 C9 RET

9050 FOR X=1 TO LEN AS-1 STEP 2 16621 1604 LD D,4

9060 POKE ADDRESS+INT ((X-1)/2), 16623 CD46B08 CALL 2155 P<
(CODE AS(X)-28)#16+CODE AS(X+1) 16626 C9 RET

28

9070 NEXT X

9100 LET CHECK=0

9110 LET ADDRESS=16514

9120 FOR xX=0O TO 112 2068 version

9130 LET CHECK=CHECK+PEEK (ADDRE

ss+™x)

9140 NEXT X Listing 3 and 4 contain a version of PABLO PIXEL-O
9150 PRINT "YOUR CHECK IS “;CHEC for T/S 2068 owners. There are a few enhancements in this
K version, made possible by the extended powers of the 2068
9160 PRINT computer. Instead of storing our new characters in an
9170 PRINT “IF CHECK IS NOT EQUA array, we will store them in a table above RAMTOP and set
L TO 9525 LOOK FOR ERRORS IN the system variable pointing to the character table, to
AS"

point to our new table (see line 125). Of course, we can
have a screen display of our high-resolution picture.
Also, when entering the codes for your printed picture,

Listing 2 you are allowed tne option of choosing seperate ink and
paper colors for display. The POKE in line 220 sets the
Addhees Op Code (hex) Mnemonic system variable controlling the cursor mode into gra-
phics. Your REM statement in line 1 should contain 63
16530 21007D LD HL,32000 characters after REM. After entering the program, enter
16533 ES PUSH HL as a direct command, GOTO 9000. This will load the MC
16534 El POP HL into the REM statement, checking for typing errors. You
16535 OEO4 LD C,4 may then delete lines 9000-9199. Save the program by en-
16537 0604 LD B,4 tering as direct commands, CLEAR and SAVE "pablo" LINE
16539 56 LD D, (HL) 10.
16540 23 INC HL The program operates basically the.same as the ZX-81
16541 SE LD E, ¢tHL) version. There is the added option of saving a copy of
16542 23 INC HL the screen after having displayed your’ picture. It is
16543 ES PUSH HL possible tc define a new character set or font and point
16544 AF XOR A the system variables to point to this new set. (See the
16545 CBi2 RL D example 6) You may wish to incorporate this font into
16547 17 RLA other programs. _
16548 CB12 RL D
16549 1 RLA example 6

16551 CBisS REE = | .
16553 17? RLA sinciair

y

Listing 2

1 REM aa@aaacaacgaaAaaAaAaaAaaAaaaaa
aaaaaaaaabbDbDbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
bbbbbbbbb

£O=4. ET- 1 =07- LET H=0

60 GO TO 600

100: G5

105 PRINT AT 2,03;"Do you wish t
o set up a blank file?"

110 INPUT as

115 IF CODE aS®<>89 AND CODE as<
22 = THEN: “SS T6*4668

120 PRINT AT 2,05"“How many char
acters do you wish to define?"

125--INPUT. cs POKE Eo7255C~ INT
(€/256) #256: FOKES3729 -e 7256

CLEAR 65367- (8%¥c)-384: LET

c=PEEK 23728+2562PEEK 23729

£30 (DIM i Sts, Si2 ~BIM-bS.(S,.8) 3 —&
EY h=1: LET edit=0: DIM a$(10)

135 DIM dS@(32)3° LET nhcopy=07°°LE
T optian=0

143 LET chartable=65367-38%c-3894

200 FOR f=1 TO c

202 PAPER 7: INK O: BORDER 7: C
LS. <: DIM i9(s,8)

205 PRINT AT 0,03 "Plot out char
acter "3;(# AND NOT edit)+(h AND
edit)

210 PRINT AT 20,0; dS; dBsAT 5,53
Li" SAT 211s "12345678" FAT 4,73"
123935678"

215 FOR a=1i TO 8

e200 POKE 23617,.2>5 INPUT ita, i
TO 8)

2235 FOR b=1 TO 8

227 PRINT AT 20,0;d%3" 123945678
230 IF i@(a,1)="m" OR iS(a,1)="
mM" OR CODE iS(a,1)=156 THEN GO
TQ 600

235 IF i%$(a,b)=CHRS 128 OR ifia
36) =CHRS 143 OR i8(a,b6b)=CHR®S 32
THEN —-60- TO 250

2940 PRINT AT at4,7; "RE-ENTER"
243 GO TO 220

250 NEXT b

255 PRINT AT at49,75i8(a,1 TO 8)
3: IF a<8 THEN PRINT TAB 635atl

260 NEXT a

263 PRINT AT 20,0; dS; d®3;AT 20,0
;"Are you satisfied?"

270 POKE 23617,0: INPUT aS

273 IF CODE aS$<>89 AND CODE as<
>121 THEN GO TO 335

280 FOR a=1 TO 8

250 fOk b=4 TO 8

2935 LET bSta,b)=("1" AND iSta,b
.=CHRS 143)+("0O" AND (i8(a,b)=C
HRS 128 OR i$(a,b)=CHR® 32))

390 NEXT b

305 NEXT a

310 FOR p=1 TO 8

ff \315 POKE chartable+((#-1 AND NO

edit)+(nh-1 AND edit) )#8+(p-1)
»>VAL (CHR® 196+bS(p,1i TO 8))
Seo NEXT 9

3222 IF edit THEN
325 NEXT #¢

3350 GO—T5 600

GO TQ 600

S35 PRINT AT 20,03; d%;dS;AT 20,0
+"DoO you wish to change individ
Uuallines?"

390 INPUT a®

345 IF CODE aS<>89 AND CODE as<
L21 THEN—-60=fe 202

350 PRINT AT 20,03 4d%3 4S; AT 2030
s; "What line do vou wish to chan
ge?"

335 --INPUT= 2

360 PRINT AT 20,0; dS; dBjsAT 20,0
;°working on line "“jas;AT 21,0;"

12343673"

365 POKE 23617,2: INPUT i8(a,1
TO 8)

370 PRINT AT at4,7;iS$(a,1 TO 8)

373 GO TO 265

400 LET- re=0F CET “option=0r cts

: INPUT "How many characters a
cross will you picture be? “jw:

IF w>32 THEN GO TO 400

903 INPUT “How many lines will
be in you prcture?* Fr

410 INPUT "Do you wish to input

paper and ink for each charac
ter? “$3 LINE z$: IF CODE z#$=COD
E "“y"“ OR CODE zS$=CODE "Y" THEN

LET option=1

415 LET re=1: DIM p(l,w): IF op
tion THEN DIM a(2,1,w)

420 CLS : PRINT AT 2,03"Enter c
ode numbers for new", “character

set in the order you wish the
m to be displayed": IF zs="7" A
ND re THEN GO TO 435
4235 FOR q=1 TO 1

430 FOR r=i TO w

4335 IF q>1 AND rw THEN
600

340 PRINT AT 19,0; d$;dB;AT 20,0
s"Line *3jq3" / Space "j;r: INPUT
p(q,r)

$935 IF p(q,r)>=O AND pl(q,r)<=c
THEN GO TO 465

455 PRINT AT 19,0;"Invalid inpu
t, re-enter'!*

460 GO TO 440

463 IF option THEN INPUT “Pape
PPh sa Choe) ste —atia, f)58-0
R a(l,q,r)<O THEN GO TOG 465

$70 IF option THEN INPUT "Ink?

Jet2, G52 IF at2;q;rre* OR

a(1l,q,r)<O THEN GO TO 470

472 IF piq,r)=0 THEN GO TO 600

GO TO

4735. NEXT. #3. NEXT ag

480 INPUT “Paper color? #";pape
r: IF paper>9? OR paper<O THEN
GQ TO 480

483 INPUT "Border color? #";bor
der: IF border>?7? OR bporder‘oO TH
EN GO TO @#85

490 TNPUT “Ink cotor?=€*;- inks I
F ink<O OR ink>9? THEN GO TO 49
ie)

500 BORDER border: PAPER paper:
TN ink: ELS

Si0 INPUT "Do you wish a hardco
oy 2"; LINE 2S: IF-CODpeE 2S=CoOpEe
ey *_ GR CODE -23=CO0e ">" TEEN
LET teoopy=

520 FOR a=1 TO15.-FOR b=! TO =~
S25 FOKE 23606, ‘chartableti(p(/a,

Bb} -1)%3)-INT ((chartablet(pfia,b
Petree loo koe PORE 2S607>5-e
7 AAKehart abies (te Ca, 6b) — 15345572
=

—— a

S30 IF PEEK 23689<3 THEN PCOKE
23006502 FPOKE- 234607, 60

S25 IF scption THEN PRINT PAPE
R afi,a,6)3; INK a(2,a,b);CHRS 3
=a

S30 ITF NOT option THEN PRINT C
HRS -32;3.— IF -hespy THEN. LPRINT
CHRS 2323

342 IF NOT option AND PEEK 2268
9<¢4 THEN PRINT CHR® 83: POKE 2
3606, (chartablet(p(a,b)-1)*8)-I
NT ((chartablet(p(a,b)-1)#8)/25
6)*#256: PORE 23607, INT (tcharta
ble+((pl(a,b)-1)¥8))/256)-1: PRI
NT CHRS 323

S43 IF option AND PEEK 23689¢4
THEN PRINT CHR® 83: POKE 23606
s (Chartablet+(p(a,b)-1)#¥8)-INT (¢
(Chartablet(p(a,b)-1)#¥8) /256) #2
36: POKE 23607,INT ((chartable+t
((pla,b)-1)*8))/236)-1: PRINT
PAPER a(il,a,b); INK a(2,a,b)5CH
RS 32;

3435 NEXT b: PRINT

S30 IF hcopy THEN

355 NEXT a

560 POKE 23606,0: POKE 23607,60
: POXE 23692,235

363 PRINT #13 "Z=COPY
=SCREEN® SAVE"

370 IF INKEYS<>""* THEN
60

3735 IF INKEYS="s" OR INKEYS="5s"

THEN GO TO 1000

S80 IF INKEYS="z" OR INKEYS#="2"

THEN COPY .

583 IF INKEYS<>"m" AND INKEYS@<>
oh =THEN="GO=T0"S75

390 LET hcopy=0

600 BORDER 1: PAPER i: INK 9: ¢
CS] _-Ler edire=c

690S-PFPOre 236%", 0

610 PRINT AT 2,03 BRIGHT 15; **¥*+¥
* PABLO PIXEL-O KHHHKH"

620 PRINT AT 4,4; “DEFINE CHARAC
TERS eee. LSAT. 6, 45" CONTINUE
DEFINITIONS. .5..2"3AT 8,43 "PICTU

LPRINT

M=MENU S

GO TG §

RE -CGonine .[72=......; “s;AT 10,43"
PRINT OUT PICTURE....... 4"3;aT 1
pe. et. Pts See eats eae eee eb

sAT 14,43; "RE-DEFINE CHARACTER...
72+ 4"5AT 16,93 "CONTINUE PICTURE
CODING. 7"s3AT 18,4; "BIG-BITS...
a et" Se ee

630 PRINT BRIGHT 1;AT 20,5; "EN
TER ONE OF THE ABOVE"

650 INPUT CLINE 2®

660 IF CODE 2$<49 OR CODE 29556
THEN GO TO 6350

670 GO TO 6380-(SS0O AND 2$="1")-
(4948 AND 2$="2")-(250 AND Z28="3
")-(1S50 AND 2S$="4")+(380 AND 2%
="3°)+(30 AND 2ZS$="6")=-(230 AND
28="7")-(20 AND (Z$="7" AND L=0
)>+(150 AND ZB="8")

700 LET edit=t1

710--Ces ;

720-PRINT AT 2,03 "Which charact
er do you wish to re-define? (
enter #)"

230 INPUT h

740 GO 79 292

$O0--CtLs DIM b‘6,8)

805 INPUT “How many lines? (6 m
a ae

StO- fF. 35 4-OR j>6 Hen=-co TO e
10

8135 INPUT “How many across? (3
Lie © aoee meee -

820 IF k<i OR k>8S THEN
20

830 PRINT AT 2,03;"Enter code nu
mbers in the order you wish the
m displayed."

835 FOR a=1 TO j

8930 FOR b=1 TO k

8935 PRINT AT 19,0; dS; dB;AT 20,0
s"Line “jaj" / Space “jb

8350 INPUT b(a,b)

8355 IF b(a,b)>=1 AND bta,b<=
THEN GO TO 870

860 PRINT FLASH 1;AT 19,03." Env
alid input. Re-enter."

865 GO TO 850

870 NEXT b

8735 NEXT a

GO TQ 8

Wao fe ova.)
> PEEK
+b+1)

930 LET note=note+2
960 NEXT d: NEXT b:
965 PRINT AT 0,03:

THEN FOKE note+i
((chartable+(b(a,d)-1)#8)

NEXT a
RANDOMIZE US

R 26731

970 POKE 23659,2: POKE BOTT S 5 3%
32

980 IF INKEY$<>"" THEN GO TO 9
80

985 IF INKEYS="z" OR INKEYS$="2"

THEN RANDOMIZE USR 26771

990 IF INKEY$<>"m" AND INKEYS<>
“M" THEN GO TO 985
995 GO TO 600

104945 SAVE as®CODE Chartable,c#¥s
1050 GO TG 600

2000 LOAD aSCODE

2010 GO TO 600

9000 LET address=26715

9100 LET a®s="8084888sCEisesesspe2e

6S8ASES387EBSF21D7FDO6COC5060456
Z23SSE2Z3ESAFCBI217CBiI2iITCBI317CB1
SI72Z2ISB68856F 7EDVLOEAEICLIODECS
F3O06COCDOS0AC9"

9105 IF LEN a#<>126 THEN
*Error
STOP
9110 FOR X=1 TO LEN as-1 STEP 2
9115 POKE address+INT ((x-1)/2)

PRINT
in AS please correct.”":

700 PAPER 7: BORDER 7: INK 0:.-C 1000 REM save screens (CODE a%(xX)-(48 AND CODE as(x)<
LS + PRINT #1; "Note pad is bein 1010 INPUT "Picture title: “jas 5€)-(55 AND CODE aS$(x)>64))*16+
aloaded. 2ncary NAMEN CODE a®(X+1)-(48 AND CODE asix+
- 1020 SAVE a$SCREEN® : GO To 600 1)<58)-(55 AND CODE as(x+1)>64)

902 LET note=64983: POKE 23659, 1030, CLS : PRINT .AT.-10,05--FEaSH
. 1; “please note that you will ha 9120 NEXT xX

¥OS FOR ami TO 6: FOR H=0: 10:7 ve to enter CLEAR “;PEEK 2373 9125 LET check=0: FOR x=0 TO 62
STEP. .2: FOR dat. 10.9 O+256*PEEK 237313" betore io LET check=check+PEEK (26715+x)

910 IF NOT b(a,d) THEN POKE no atten ibe arcierui ances ore
ka«2 aving! 9130 IF check<>7488 THEN PRINT

91S IF bla,d) THEN POKE note,P ” "Look for errors in A®.": STOP
EEK ((chartable+(b(a,d)-1)#8) +b 1035 INPUT “What is the title? *

; ; at 9135 IF check=7488 THEN PRINT

920 IF NOT b(a,d) THEN POKE no eS rae Se nals eeliinidiiiech belive ob on
te+1i1,0

Listing 4
Address Op code (hex) Mnemonics
26731 21D7FD LD HL,64983
26734 06CO LD B,192
26736 cs PUSH BC
26737 0604 LD B,4
26739 56 LD D, (HL)
26740 23 INC HL
26741 SE LD E, (HL)
26742 23 INC HL USE PABLO PIXEL-O AND SEND US YQUR ARTWORK!
26743 ES PUSH HL
26744 AF XOR A
26745 CBi2 RL D
26747 1? RLA
26748 CBi2 RL D TIME DESIGNS will publish examples of com-
267-2 ae =* puter “art” using the PABLO PIXEL-0 pro-
26751 CBi3 RL E : : <a 2 :
26752 1? RLA gram supplied in this issue, in upcoming
26753 CB1S RL E future issues. We may publish yours! Send
26754 1? RLA P ————
Seas a 6 Ss artwork from either T/S 1000 or T/S 2068.
26760 85 ADD A,L
26761 6F LD L,A
2670 - pe te send to: TIME DESIGNS
26764 10EA DINZ, 267494 29722 Hult Rd.
26766 Et POP HL Colton, OR 97017
26767 C1 POP EC
26768 LODE DINZ, 26736
26770 cs RET
26771 F3 DI
26772 oé6co LD B,192
26774 CDOSOA CALL 2565
26777? Cc? RET

=e

In my article "Automatically Set RAM-
TOP Without Destroying The Program" pub-
lished in the July-August issue, the GOSUB
stack was very briefly discussed. This
article will delve more deeply into this
subject. I will also cover how to deter-
mine the extent of the "Safe Area" in the
TS 1000 and 1500. The safe area determines
the amount of bytes you can lower RAMTOP
without interfering with the execution of
the BASIC program. The safe area can be
used for the temporary storage of data or
machine code, without lowering RAMTOP. The
safe area extends from the top of the Cal-
culator stack to the bottom of the Machine
stack.

There are three stacks in the upper
- RAM memory; the Calculator stack (C stack)
the Machine stack (M stack), and the GO-
SUB stack (GS stack). All of these stacks
are used by the routines in the ROM to
store temporary data and variables. An
item in the GS or M stacks consists of two
bytes. The low byte is in the lower ad-
dress and the high byte is in the next
higher address. Items are added to _ the
bottom of either the GS or M_ stacks. In
the TS 1000 and 1500, the GS stack is lo-
cated immediately below RAMTOP and above
the M stack.

In the RAMTOP article we examined the
four addresses below RAMTOP, using the
PEEK command. A diagram of the values
found in these four addresses is in Figure

No. 1. In the same manner we examined the
contents of the system variable ERR_ SP
and found that it pointed to the address

RAMTOP-4. The TS 1500 Users Manual defines
the system variable ERR SP as the address
of the first item on the M_ stack. The
bottom of the GS stack is this address
plus two (2). The Stack Pointer (SP) con-
sists of two internal registers. The con-
tents of the SP registers normally point
to the address of the low byte of the last

ADVENTURES IN THE RAM JUNGL
AND OTHER MYSTERIES

by Earl V. Dunnington

effective item on the M

stack. The SP
registers cannot be addressed from BASIC.

Even using machine code, the contents of
the SP registers cannot be determined im-
mediately after the computer is turned on.
For example, enter the following into your
computer:

1 REM 1234567
12 RAND USR 16516
2e@ PRINT PEEK 16514+256%* PEEK

16515
then:
Z80 assembler
POKE.16516,2e37_. ED : prefix
POKE 16517,115 LD(NN),SP Let 16514 and

POKE 16518,130 N
POKE 16519,64 N
POKE 16520,201 RET

16515=con-
tents of SP
Return to
Basic

Now RUN the program. The result on _ the
screen is the address at which the SP
registers are pointing after calling the

machine code USR function. You can _ see

13

that the function itself uses the M stack.
Then how do I know that immediately after
turning on the computer, the contents of
the SP registers is the address of RAMTOP-
4? Only by deduction from the disassembly
of the ROM, GOSUB and RETURN routines.
They would not work unless the SP _ regis-
ters were pointing to RAMTOP-4. The ad-
dress in the ROM of the GOSUB routine is
3765d and of the RETURN routine is 3800d.

Figure No. 1 shows the’ situation
after the computer is intialized and after
each BASIC line has been executed. The one
exception that I know about is after one
or more GOSUB commands and before any RE-
TURN command. For an example of the ex-
ception, enter the following lines into
the computer (after entering NEW):

12 GOSUB 2a
28 STOP

RUN the program. Using immediate commands,
PEEK into each of the addresses from RAM-
TOP-1 to RAMTOP-6. Also PEEK the two bytes
of ERR SP, using the immediate command
PRINT PEEK 16386+256*PEEK 16387. Your re-
sults should agree with the values’ shown
in Figure No. 2. We must assume that the
SP registers are also pointing to RAMTOP-6
as the ROM RETURN command routine would
not work if this were not true. Looking at
Figure No. 2, you can see how the GOSUB
command has slipped the GOSUB line number
plus one onto the bottom of the GS stack,
moving the first item of the M stack down
two addresses. A GOSUB line number plus
one, once used, is written over by moving
the first item on the M stack up two ad-
dresses and changing the pointers SP and
ERR SP. For example enter NEW and_ then
enter the following lines into the com-
puter:

12 GOSUB 32

2@ STOP

38 PRINT "THE RETURN REMOVES THE GOSUB
LINE NUMBER +1 FROM THE GS STACK"

4@ RETURN

RUN the program. If you PEEK the four ad-
dresses below RAMTOP and ERR SP you will
find that their contents are again the
same as Figure No. 1. If the two bytes of
the first item on the GS stack (0 and 62)
and the two bytes of the first item of the
M stack (118 and 6) are in conjunction as
in Figure No. 1, and a RETURN command is
encountered in the BASIC program, then an
error report 7 (RETURN without a corres-
ponding GOSUB) is generated. The ROM rou-

tine tests only for the high byte 62. As
62*256=15872, this is beyond the normal
maximum line number 9999. It is possible
to use higher line numbers by working from
the top of the program and POKEing 16509
with the high byte of the line number and
POKEing 16510 with the low byte as_ each
line is entered with a normal line number.
In this case, line numbers with a high
byte of 62 must not be used with a _ GOSUB
command. If the two bytes of the first
item on the GS stack and two bytes of the
first item on the M stack are seperated by
the two bytes of a GOSUB line number+tl,
then the next line after the GOSUB line is
executed when the RETURN command is en-
countered.

What is that 118 and 6? To find out,
we know that an item on the M stack con-
sists of two bytes, the low byte in the
lower address and the high byte in the
higher address. So 118+256*6=1654. The
addresses in the ROM run from 0 to 819d.
Let us use the 1654 as an address in a
machine code program and see what happens.

4 REM 123
1@ RAND USR 16514
2G PRINT "THE ADDRESS 1654 STARTS THE
EXECUTION OF THE NEXT BASIC LINE OF THE
PROGRAM"

Now in the immediate mode, POKE the fol-
lowing into the REM line:

Z8@ assembler

POKE 16514,195 JP NN: GOTO
POKE 16515,118 N ee
POKE 16516,6 N 256*6=1654

ia

——.,

RUN the program and you will see the an-
swer on the screen. Note that using a 118
in the machine code messes up the display,
but the program still runs.

Since the M stack expands downward in
memory as items are added to it or to the
GS stack and then, in effect, contracts as
items on the stacks are no longer needed,
but not withdrawn, a trail of garbage is
left behind. This garbage is written over
the next time the stack expands. Turn off
your computer and then power up again.
Using the immediate command, PEEK into the
address that is the value of your RAMTOP
minus 50. You should find 129. PEEKing be-
low this address you will find only zeros.

(Unless you PEEK all the way down to the
top of the Calculator stack. This means
that in the itialization ROM routine, the

M stack was expanded down to this address.
Now enter and run the following program,
changing line 10 to the applicable values
for your RAM memory:

40 FOR N=(your RAMTOP-52) TO (your RAM-
TOP-5)

22 POKE N,@

32 PRINT PEEK N;'! '':

49 NEXT N

A MONITOR ADAPTER

SEES

Becamccccen)
, Suu

What happens is that between the time
0 is poked into the M stack and the value
at address N is peeked, the M_ stack is
being used by the ROM routines which are
much faster than BASIC. PEEK again, using
the immediate command, into the address of

your RAMTOP-50. Once again the value at
that address is not QO but 129. Peeking
below that address there are only zeros.

From this we can deduce that coming out of
a BASIC program, the ROM routines use the
M stack down to RAMTOP-50 and that the
little program did not expand the M_ stack
below this point. So the upper limit of
the safe area for this program is: RAMTOP-
hae

FOR THE T/S 1500

by Dick Wagner

For several years, publications have
carried articles on connecting T/S 1000
and ZX81 computers to monitors, to improve
the quality of screen image that some TVs
lack. There have been mainly 2 approaches,
(1) install a complex converter to give a
reverse screen image of white on black,
(2) install a simple transistor adapter to
match the computer output to the low im-
pedance of the monitor. This gives a nor-
mal screen. Number 2 is the easiest and
the method is described. On a T/S_ 1000,
the procedure is to tap pin 16 on the Sin-
clair special IC.

15

The literature seems to have
lected the T/S 1500. Possibly because _ the
RF modulator is special, or possibly be-
cause of the weak signal provided by the
newer SCL IC. The writer has converted two
T/S 1500 computers with satisfactory per-

neg-

formance; one with a B&W Zenith monitor,
and one with a NEC color monitor.

This article is not a detailed in-
struction of my method, so if the reader
is not well versed in handling circuit
boards and components, it is recommended
that you get help from a member of your

users group, an amature radio operator, or

someone in the radio and TV service
ness.

Only a few parts are required. The
first step is to obtain the transistor,
resistor, cable and phono plug or jack,
and some wire. The transistor is type 2N2-
222 which is Radio Shack number 276-2009.
The resistor is a 1/4 watt 220 ohm _ size,
but may be 270 to 330 ohms. The phono jack
can be R-S type 274-337 if the T/S cable
is to be used for monitor connection. A
short shielded audio cable (6-8 inches)
will provide the computer connection with
the jack on the free end. If it is desired
to install a single cable to the monitor,
then use R-S 42-2370. This provides a
matching plug to fit the monitor jack.

To assemble the adapter, fit the re-
sistor to the flat of the the transistor,
cutting one wire lead to solder to the
emitter lead, close to the transistor's
body. Trim close to the solder connection
if the resistor lead protrudes. Do not cut
the transistor lead at this time.

Strip the outer insulation from _ the
audio cable, about 3/4 in., and twist the
shield wire together. Strip 1/8 in. from
the core insulation and solder the center
wire to the emitter lead. This lead should
be insulated and brought parallel with the
resistor. Cut excess wire from this con-
nection. The other end of the resistor
should be soldered to the twisted sheild
of the audio cable. These connections will
give an output from emitter and will also
ground the resistor. The resistor con-
nection should be close to the cable, to
leave the twisted shield for another con-
nection. Using two light-insulated wires
(like 30 gauge wire wrap), make your con-
nections to the transistor base and col-
lector leads after they have been_ short-
ened. These two wires can be 2-3 inches
long. Follow the lead positions as per R-S
package.

The assembled module should be insul-
ated so no bare wires are exposed. Wires
within the module also should be insulated
from each other. Heat shrink tubing or
plastic tape can be used. The assembly
should have two leads of light gauge wire
coming out of one end. These should be
marked some way...the transistor collector
is +5 volts and the base lead. The other
end has the signal out and the ground wire
(shield). The shield can have a short but
heavier wire (20-24 gauge) soldered to it
at this time. This will be a ground wire
and a strain relief.

busi-

16

Modulator
30x

transistor
BASE :
To trans.
COLLECTOR

R_ 30

connection Detail

Disassemble the 1500 case by removing
five screws and carefully remove the two
ribbon cables from their connector blocks.
then remove one screw to release the cir-
cuit board from the base. With the com-
ponent side up, determine the location of
resistor R30. It is close to the inside
corner of the modulator box. Connections
will be made to each end of this resistor.
The end closest to the modulator box will
be connected to the base of the transistor
and the other end is +5 volts. See the
diagrams for location.

Now make the connections noted above.
Be sure the leads are correct before sold-
ering. Solder with light heat, so the cir-
cuit board connections will not be damaged
as a result. Cut the ground wire short, so
when soldered to the ground connection for
the jack, it will bring the module close
over the jack. The other wires must be
slack. Now apply power to the board and
connect to the monitor. The cursor will
show on the screen if everything is OK.

Exit to the rear when the circuit
board is installed in the bottom of the
case. Decide how to make the exit thru the
top rear. If the cable is small enough
(1/8 in. dia.) then it can use the same
notch for the modulator cable. Light fil-
ing may be required to get around the mod-
ulator box. If the cable is heavier, file

a notch in the back between the jack and
modulator box. Connect the keyboard cables
using needle nose pliers. Be most careful
not to bend the cables sharply. If a cable
_ is damaged, noted by a crack in the trace, The Explorers Guide To The ZX81
' ~~ use a sharp knife to separate the insul- The Best Of Sync

ator cover on the cable. About 3/16 in. Sync Vol. 3 No. 4

will do, and trim with some sharp thin

scissors. Cut the cable at the crack so
there will.be a new end.

For further reference:

SyncWare News Vol. 1

a tt sa eamnttin

| EE I ENCE LIE MIE EE LEA ELLE LEE ELBE LEE SERGE ES NIE YE EIN As mB
HARDWARE
| ZEBRA GRAPHICS TABLET FOR 2068

reviewed by Dennis Jurries
Have you been looking for a way to do
screen displays easier than figuring the
3 PLOT and DRAW positions? This may be the
way to accomplish the task. The ZEBRA
GRAPHICS TABLET is the same one that you
may have seen for other computers (also
' known as the KoalaPad). The system for the
Timex/Sinclair 2068 comes with a_ software
program on cassette called "ZPAINT", and a
small interface with two RS-232 type (DIN)
é rockets.

The ZPAINT program allows you to draw
pictures using a pen type (narrow one-
pixel width) stroke, or a brush type (wide
| width) stroke. The basic 2068 colors can

be used to draw the border and then to
i "draw" in color. CIRCLE is used by select-
\ ing that option and placing the cursor , )
(with the use of the supplied stylus) at ‘Actual "doodlings" using the Zebra Graphics Tablet
| the location of the center of the circle,
and pressing one of the buttons on top of

the Graphics Tablet. Then by placing the ;
7 : menu, a Line menu, and an I/O menu (to
cursor at the location of the circumfer- ;
: : select printer type, LOAD or SAVE screen).
ence of the circle and pressing the button : ; :
2 : ; This program is fantastic, but has_ the
a second time, the circle will be drawn
F ts ¥ : erroneous mark problems that ZPAINT has...
automatically. The "pen", and to a certain
*0 = : and must be corrected the same way. See
extent, the "brush" option, put extraneous : : ;
. ¥ = the attached figures. Figure number one is
pixels or "marks" on the screen. However,

; the emblem of the Clackamas County Area
mere can. be. Cleames-up-by:.seleeting. .the Timex/Sinclair User's Group. The next fig-

white color and redrawi ks. ‘
d drawing over the marks ure (no. 2) shows an attempt (incomplete)

I also had the opportunity to use the

Ae tee tn,

= zs é id at tracing the same emblem in a larger
TECH DRAW and CIRCUS COLORING BOOK : 6 ; S
} : size. No corrections were made. You can
software programs (supplied as a free bo- ; :
: ; see that the fine brush size made more er-
nus with Graphics Tablet purchase). Al-
; roneous marks. These marks can be cleaned
} though the TECH DRAW program only draws in d I beli ak sat kh :
black and white, it has many more features = : = <= es a eee PESELICE
—— ; and experience with the Graphics Tablet
than ZPAINT. There are six separate menus, : ;
t : : (and TECH DRAW), great improvements in the
{ one for drawing, one for brush _ selection s
(sixteen possible types), one for shadin figures that are drawn cada be made.
SEDER Ts 6 The CIRCUS COLORING BOOK software has
(thirtyfive possible patterns), a Text

17 several screen pictures dealing with the

yi: esate igh "

G@LACKAMAS

=
+
}
z
+
=

Tl

figure no. 2

circus in it. The object is to color in
the pictures. This program could keep
young children busy for several hours, but
outside of that, I can find no _ pratical
use for it.

I took TECH DRAW and COLORING BOOK to
the last User's Group meeting, and showed
two kids aged between 8 and 12 some of the
basic commands. Two hours later they were
showing me features that I didn't know how
to use yet! All in all, the ZEBRA GRAPHICS
TABLET and TECH DRAW are excellent, and
can be of great help to those who are us-
ing a lot of screen displays. It can be
fun too.

The Graphics Tablet is available from
Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave.,
Woodhaven, NY 11421. Phone (718) 296-
2385. Price is $89.95 and with each pur-
chase, a free TECH-DRAW software cassette

is included. AJ ;
‘Gb

TIME —
i

ia |

Join us for a one year anniversary celebration...

NEXT ISSUE!

SOFTWARE

ZIP BASIC COMPILER

reviewed by Michael E. Carver

The resident language in the T/S 2068
is Sinclair BASIC (an altered version of
Microsoft BASIC). BASIC is a _ relatively
easy language to learn and thus an easy
means of communicating with the micro-
processor. The microprocessor can perform
approximately 1/2 a million operations per
second. Then, why is BASIC so slow? The
processor only uses two numbers (1 and 0).
Most humans cannot easily communicate or
think in pure binary, and thus we need
other "languages" in order to talk with
our computer. Many microprocessor oper-
ations are lost while the computer labor-
iously translates from BASIC into machine
code. Most programs you buy (especially
games) are programed in machine code, by-
passing BASIC, and are 100's of times
faster than any BASIC program you can
write. Enter the compilers...

Compilers translate programs written
in BASIC into machine code, eliminating
the need to re-translate each time the
program is run. ZIP is a program available
for the T/S 2068 which can convert BASIC
programs into fast-running machine code.
The manual included with ZIP contains
benchmark results (run on the Sinclair
Spectrum) of BASIC vs. a British version
of ZIP, showing speed ratios from 111:1 to
213:1. ZIP is an integer-based compiler
(i.e., it only uses whole numbers-~no
fractions or floating point arithmetic).
This compiler is an enhanced version of
one published in the British magazine,
"Your Spectrum".

As an integer-based compiler, there
are many commands which are not available.
There are no mathematical functions avail-
able beyond +,-,*,/. You will not be able
to compile programs containing any trig-
onometry functions (TAN, COS, SQR, ect.).
Numbers are limited to the range of -327
67 to 32767 (though the range of +/- 65535
is allowed if these numbers are not PRINT-
ed, multiplied or divided). There are many

other Keywords you may find necessary in-~

some programming which also cannot be com-
piled. Unfortunately, the manual does not
list all of the commands which are not
allowed. Trial and error and some common

-

Svincludes an

~__AND, INKEY$. Some

sense must be your guide. Some of the
other commands which are not compilable
are: READ, DATA, DEF FN, CIRCLE (nor arcs
using DRAW-though straight lines with DRAW
is acceptable), SCREEN$, SAVE, LOAD, BEEP,
programmers will find
the absence of character strings a major
drawback. With proper programming, one can
overcome many of these shortcomings (i.e.,
store character codes in a numerical array

and print them with a FOR/NEXT loop using
PRINT CHR$ A(X)). You are limited to 26
single-letter variables and 26 single-
dimensioned arrays. Arrays must be DIM'ed

with the program listing by constants and
cannot be re dimensioned, as their storage
area is reserved during compilation. The
manual does includs routines to simulate
INKEY$, RND, BEEP and STICK. It is also
possible to access BASIC or machine code
routines from within a compiled program.
The manual states there is room for a
"little under 13k" of a BASIC program for
compiling, occupying lines 1-4999. In
actuality, I found there is only room for
about 10.7k, but this left insufficient
memory for ZIP to compile. I had to reduce
the BASIC program to about 8k before ZIP
could completely compile my program. There
is approximately 10.5k of memory to’ store
a compiled program and variables. ZIP also
"optimizer", which provides
for faster running programs. According to
the manual, removing this from the package
will allow about 2k more of BASIC for com-
piling. Again I found this to be an over-
statement. After removing the optimizer, I
only discovered about 1K available.
Programs that are compiled by ZIP run
at speeds approaching those of well-writ-
ten machine code, but actual compiling can
be a slow process. of course, you will
have hopefully removed all bugs by testing
the program in BASIC and will only have to
compile once. Included with ZIP is a demo
game (written in BASIC) to be compiled
using ZIP. The listing of the demo game
is a little over 3k and took about 31 min.
to compile. (It appears that ZIP is writ-
ten entirely in BASIC.) First there is a
check of the BASIC itself. Checks are made
for correct KEYWORDS and any translation
is done before actual compilation begins.
There are seven error reports’ possible
during this stage and any illegal KEYWORDS
are pointed out, allowing correction be-
fore continuing. This process took about
6-3/4 min. to complete. The rest of the
time was involved in converting the 3k of

BASIC into appoximately 3k of mc. Error
reports are also provided during the final
stage of compiling.

Aside from the differences in the
amounts of memory available, I found that
ZIP lived up to its claims. It is fairly
easy to use and “user friendly" with its
error messages. If the Timex ROM discovers
a syntax error while running a _ compiled
program, you will receive a normal Sin-
clair BASIC error report. It will not re-
ort the exact location of the error, only
its nature.

ZIP is not a program for a _ novice
BASIC programmer. One who knows how to
manipulate a limited BASIC into a code
that produces expanded results is best
suited as a ZIP user. For those of you who
would like to market a program, but feel
your knowledge or the time involved in de-
veloping machine code is holding you back,
the authors of ZIP allow you to sell any
programs compiled by ZIP, no fees requir-
ed...or perhaps you just want to speed up
some of those interesting (but slow) BASIC
programs in magazines or books...then ZIP
may be for you. Before committing yourself
to any particular compiler, be sure you
can live with its limitations. (Note:
There are very few compilers available for
the T/S 2068. I know of a few available
for the Spectrum, on which can handle
strings and multi-length variable names,
but not FOR/NEXT loops.)

Though ZIP was not designed as a
machine code tutor, I found it can be
quite the instructor. One can compile a
series of BASIC commands and using a mon-
itor, disassemble the compiled code, and
receive some enlightening lessons in writ-
ing mc routines.

ZIP comes in a book sized plastic
case with one cassette (containing ZIP and
a demo game) and documentation. I had no
problems in loading my copy on the first
attempt. The program was written by Simon
N. Goodwin and Jon A. Smith and is avail-
able from Knighted Computers, 707 Highland
St., Fulton, NY 13069, (phone 315-593-
8219), for $16.50+$3.00 for s&h (any size
order).

to show how various makes of printers,
even different models, differ in such
things as type shape, what they can and
cannot do, and the problem of combining
printers with computers that don't use tho”

g f A same methods for LPRINT, ect.
The remaining 45 pages are used in
rE T r covering in detail certain models of Ep-

son, Gemini, NEC, Okidata, Apple and Pro-
book review by Dick Wagner writer printers. Some comparison is made
betwee certain models of the same make _ to
show differences. The book ends with a
comparison chart that the reader can fill
out for any printer being considered for
purchase.
I was in need of "printer education",
after purchasing an Olivetti printer and

fete. “ak een

Minute Manual For The Dot Matrix Printer
Author-Jim Pirisino
Publisher- Minute Ware
Eight Chapters/164 pages
Price-$12.95

The author of MINUTE MANUAL FOR THE this book was a great help in deciphering
DOT MATRIX PRINTER covers the dot matrix te, user manual, This beak can. pen. 198
printer principles in 118 pages of well select 23 printer and operate it. Atter
written text. His intent is to provide the all, PEARLSES She a specialty, and. very
reader with some knowledge on the subject little information has surfaced for a per-
so a suitable printer can be _ purchased. SOD RG AG eeReP St SENG 8 PEIRCE.

Also, he provides a very good background

for printer use. Printer features include:

print quality, types of print, character USERS GROUP UPDATE
sets as graphics and foreign, line spacing
and form control. He also goes into print-
ing speed and tests, IBM compatability,
noise, and the ability to handle forms.

Very little technical information is
given on interfacing. The author does
cover the need for interfacing and brings
out that this should be considered "part
of the computer cost". Some computers come
equipped with parallel and/or serial in-
terfacing built in.

Chapters 5 and 6 are probably the
meat of the book in that they cover’ the
subject of printer codes, those mysterious
numbers and symbols that make the printer
recognize computer commands, are discussed
in detail. Probably all of the commonly
available 80 column printers use ESC as
part of the code system. At least the

lf your Timex/Sinclair Users Group hasn't been listed
in TIME DESIGNS before, such as the directory in the
March/April 85 issue, or an update...please send us
the information so that we can mention you. We hav
added new members to groups because of this’ listing.
Here are some additional! ones to add to your list:

Richmond Area Timex/Sinclair Users Group
4201 Old Hundred Rd.

PO Box 325

Chester, VA 23831

Contact: Walter E. Styles

TAS BAM User's Group, Inc.

PO Box 644

Safety Harbor, FL 33572
publishes newsletter "Keyboards"

printer manufacturers have agreed on this, Starting a new T/S Group in Philadelphia
if not on the number codes. ESC is gen- Contact: Darryl L. Butler

erated by a special key on the computer D.L.B. Enterprises

that changes the meaning of a character, PO Box 53490

so that the printer itself will recognize Philadelphia, PA 19105

it as special. :
Our 2068 computers do not have _ the

£t=
ESC feature, SO we are dependent on so timex/Sintldir Userte-Graup
ware to work it out. There are _ probably E :

: 645(B) Silverbirch Rd.
knowledgeable people who know how to im- ee i a —
plant ESC into a 2068 program using LPRINT eS :
or COPY to do certain commands’ such’ as NOL 4R4
double-width, ect. :

=e ; Contact: Brett Lidstone
The author uses specific comparisons

Waterloo/Wellington (Ontario, Canada)

20

~.way for all members of his

“copies of Tasword and Masterfile on

First of ali,
Bob Welburn of Lake Worth, FL writes,
"I purchased an emulator from Jack Keene,

some user correspondence:

Dallas, TX, and found it to be
Simply insert in the T/S 2068 cartridge
port. It has it's own on/off switch with
LED indicator light. Good buy for $35."

Syd Wyncoop of Portland, OR writes,
"I have just received a new adventure
puzzle from Software Supermarket, titled
EVERYONE'S A WALLY. It is even better than
WALLY for those of you familiar with the
first version...by mistake, I found out it
runs on the [stock] 2068. I then investi-
gated WALLY, and found it also runs on the
[stock] 2068."

Also, Dave Maccarone of Damco Enter-
prises sent the letter that appears at the
bottom/right hand column of this page.

In the "What's New?" Dept.: Bob Dyl
~eports that he is holding a free give-
EMC software
club. The prize? A brand new Spectrum!
Also, Bob reported that Doug Dewey's Sin-
clair Microdrive Adapter board will be en-
cased (in a plastic box). "“ARTWORX", a
graphics design software package, that has
been previously offered for the T/S 2068
here in the U.S., is now available in a
Spectrum version. To contact Bob Dyl, to
receive additional details on his products
and software club, write or call- English
Micro Connection, 15 Kilburn Court, New-
port, RI 02840, (401) 849-3805.

Damco Enterprises has a new emulator/
peripheral adapter combination called the
“Rainbow plus Interface". One module that
plugs into the back of the 2068 will give
the user both Spectrum emulation (with an
on/off switch), and rear-card interfacing
for Spectrum out-board equipment.

‘Two new items are available
tronics Wafadrive owners. The first one is
a 35 page booklet entitled "Engineering
Bulletin".:It has chapters that cover info
not included in the original user's guide.

or example, routines to assist in making
Wafa-
and

terrific!

for Ro-

drive. The booklet is priced at $4.50

LL SE EL ES TE OS

2068/SPECTRUM
WARES

21

DAMCO

Le eS
4

includes postage and future updates. The
second item is a fully-automatic tape
transfer utility program called "Trans-

Express". It is reported to allow the user
to make copies of commercial programs on
cassette tape, to the wafar format. It is
priced at $19.95. Both items are available
from Damco.

Russell Electronics (RD 1, Box 539,
Centre Hall, PA 16828) has a "Gamesmate
Joystick Interface" for $19.95. It plugs
into the 2068 cartridge port, and works
with Spectrum software that has the Kemp-
ston joystick option. Use any joystick
for the 2068 (Atari-style).

In Search Of Trivial Facts Dept.:

Sept. '85 "Computer Buyer's Guide" reports
that there are now “nearly 3,000 programs
for the Commodore 64". Hold that Phone! A
2068/Spectrum has over 5,500 software pro-
grams to choose from.

e
Enterprises “Quality Products &Services”

AN OPEN LETTER TO POTENTIAL WAF ADR IVE OWNERS.

It has been brought to our attention, that there have been
@ number of faise rumors regarding the difficulties and probiemse
with the WAFADFIVE system being placed on the various builetin
board services and news letters. We have recently learnec that
the injustises being placed on the WAFADRIVE have been created
by distributors and manufactures of storage systems envious of
the features of the WAFADRIVE. We at DAMCO would never use this
type of deception to siander a competitors product.

Here at DAMCO we have been hard at work to provide our
customers with continuing support. We are constantly working
with ROTRONICS as wel! as other English companies tc obtain the
latest information on the WAFADRIVE and related products.

We currentiy have available to our customers a fully
automatic transfering program allowing almost al! programs to be
easily transfered from cassette to wafer. We have also compiled
a 3€ page manua! full of tips and Programs from England designed
to keep owners up to date with the latest information.

The WAFADRIVE has received numerious
“PERIPHERAL OF THE YEAF'

awards including

by the Computer Trades Association. It

was prefered over the Sinclair Microdrives by one Englist
magazine, and voted “BEST BUY" by ancther.
But, if you stil! have any questions or doubts, please

write us. Or better yet ask the major Timex magazines. They
own a WAFADRIVE and have given it very favorable reviews.
be misiead by these faise rumors.
going for it and is undeserving
tactics.

ail
Don’t
Tne WAFADFIVE system has a ict
of this type of unethical

Sincerely,

AAO Oat
Dave Maccarone
DAMCC ENTERFFISES

REE LEE ES RL EE. LANL ALIEN EIT TE IRS

67 Brodley Ct. Foll River, Moss. 02720=(617) 678-2110

SPECTRUM SOFTWARE
AMERICAN FOOTBALL spoke up, "We love it...but we don't un~

derstand it!" Indeed, the program American
reviewed by Tim Woods Football comes with a 16 page guide en-
titled "A Guide To Understanding American
Football". The wording is sometimes a bit
odd.

The game of American Football itself,
is similar to a program that used to be on
the Timex label for the T/S 1000 called
"Strategy Football". This version is much
more sophisticated. To "play", you must
choose from a menu what offensive or de-
fensive move you would like to make. The
key to winning, is to try and "outguess”
what play your opponent will try and _ go
for. Your opponent can either. be a_ friend
or the computer itself.

The action on the screen is simulated
by tiny pixel-ated players. One of the
problems with this game, is that the op-
posing teams don't “huddle" facing each
other, but rather on the sides of the
field.

A lot of work has gone into making
this game authentic. It is played from the
view of a team coach (or like one of those
guys that sit up in the box seats witt
headphones on). With a set number of plays
to choose, the game becomes predictable
after awhile. I think that I would opt for
a type of computer football game that is
in:3-D like the "MATCH POINT" soccer game.

Over-all, AMERICAN FOOTBALL is an in-
teresting package with nice screen dis-

I obtained this program because it
sounded like a good “warm-up” for a cer-
tain interest (or "habit" as some may like
to call it) that I have in the Fall. You
may have guessed by now, that it is Pro
Football, but I will not bore you with de-
tails about my favorite team (except that
they are from the northwest, wear blue
jerseys, and made it to the play-offs last
year!).

AMERICAN FOOTBALL is a Spectrum pro-
gram on cassette that is published by the
Argus Press Software Group (ZX Computing).
What makes this program sort of unique, is
that the British are just now starting to
appreciate our brand of "football". They
even have organized minor league teams to
= PUK 1. remennet MAT CHADS Fut Va. HeUS plays and a lot of little extras...and at
interview with some English youth that -

2 a good price too!
get playing the game of football (non- Available from: The English Micro
soccer version) in a neighborhood lot. The Connection, 15 Kilburn Court, Newport, RI,
broadcaster asked, “How do you like the 02840, for $13.95+$1.00 for postage.
game?" One very muddy-appearing young man

STILL SUBSCRIBE TODAY!

$15 year GET SIX ISSUES OF TIME DESIGNS DELIVERED TO YOUR OWN
MAILBOX: Send coupon or a copy, along with a check or

SIX BI-MONTHLY m/o for $15 (U.S. FUNDS ONLY) to the address below.

gneve ois PLEASE PRINT NEATLY
a savings o ° °
(CHECK ONE) regular newsstand price TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY

29722 Hult Rd.e Colton, Oregon 97017

___. NEW SUBSCRIBER
—_ RENEWAL

Name -— “

Address

City, State Zip

22

THE SHOPPING MART

The bi-monthly "shopper" featuring hardware, software, and special
services for the Timex/Sinclair line of computers. Our advertisers

are very dedicated to serving you the customer. They are also re- MTTIT TT) eee

sponsible for keeping our little computers “alive and well", with
new products and competitive pricing. Time Designs suggests that:
1. Write for their catalogs and more information 2. Tell them that
you "saw" their ad in TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE (they will appreciate
that...and so will we) 3. Buy their products.

DEALERS/RETAILERS: For display ad information, call (503) 824-2658, or write to
Time Designs Magazine, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017.

ADVERTISERS
SEPT/OCT '85 ISSUE

Knighted Computers
Weymil Corporation
Jack Keene
Russell Electronics
Jim Clatfelter
Damco Enterprises
Zebra Systems, Inc.
Spike-Soft

Robert C. Fischer
William Erickson
WMJ Data Systems
Basically Programming
Curry Computer

JRC Software

Paul Hunter

SUM Magazine

Sinclair Accessories Ltd.
Sunset Electronics
English Micro Connection

GET SERIOUS WITH YOUR MODEM!

MINI XMOD 1.5 allows your Westridge /Byte-
Back modem to up/download Timex programs
to any XModem Protocol BBS. Fully documented
with easy to follow instructions written for the
layman. 16/64K versions included. Ideal for
Storage in Hunter Board. Produced on high
quality cassette. For ZX81, TS1000, TS1500.

Specify Westridge or Byte-Back Version. Only
$20.00.

PELLLLILLLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL

WEYMIL Corp., Box 5904, Bellingham, WA
98227-5904

THE SWITCHBOARD IS NOW
AVAILABLE TO ALLOW THE USE OF
SPECTRUM AND 2068 ROMS
WITHOUT HAVING TO OFEN YOUR
COMPUTER EVERY TIME YOU WANT
TO CHANGE. LESS RISK. LESS
TROUBLE. NO SOLDERING. CLEAR
INSTRUCTIONS. SWITCHBOARD ONLY
IS #17. ROM ONLY 1S #20.
SWITCHBOARD AND ROM ARE #35.
ALL PRICES ARE POSTPAID.
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:

J. KEENE

3515 INGLESIDE DRIVE
DALLAS, TEXAS 75229

LLL LL LLM

LLL L LLL ELL LEE TIPO Cl Clb bib bbb dS bedddbdddidabddebdaddida

PLILIEILILIELISELLIETILILILELIETE ILENE TELESIS LT

IMPOSSIBLE? NOT NOW!

Color on your black & white TV? Yes with CHROMASOFT,
Experimental graphics program for TS1000/1500/ZXB1 (16K).

Up to 9 colors.

Send $14.95* to see & believe.

WINKY BOARD improved! Higher volume duplication of low
volume cassettes. Copy any cassette. Invaluable loading aid for
TS2068, ZX Spectrum, TS1000/1500, ZXB0/81. Easy plug-in interface
$20.95*

ROMSWITCH pius your TS2068 = 2 computers. Choose ZX
Spectrum or TS2068 with keyboard switch. ROMSWITCH plugs
inside TS2068. Fast, easy, elegant. No soldering, etc. Practically
100% ZX. Spectrum software compatible.

$45.*

Add joystick action and control. GAMESMATE interface, plus
joystick, plus Spectrum program with Kempston option and
TS2068/Romswitch or Spectrum ROM = a winner!

GAMESMATE joystick interface $19.95*

SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM for TS2068 or TS1000/1500
$29.95*. For speech activated games, contact us.

—Spectrum Manual $14.*

ZXLR8 fastload—TS1000/ZX81, TS1500 using TS1000 ROM.
$10.50*

*Shipping included in US & Canada.

FREE Catalog lists hardware, software & sale items. Write/phone

RUSSELL ELECTRONICS, RD1 Box 539, Centre Hall PA 16828
(814) 364-1325 Mon.-Sat. 10 a.m.-7.p.m.EST MC/Visa, Check, MO

A whole new world awaits you

at the end of the

Rainbow!!

RAINBOW plus INTERFACE combines
improved Spectrum ROM emulation PLUS a
Spectrum compatible expansion connector
ALL-IN-ONE compact case! No need to open
the computer—frees the cartridge
dock—allows switching between modes
without removing. Run thousands of Spectrum
programs PLUS Spectrum hardware. ONLY
$49.95 + $2.00 S&H.

SPECTRUM HARDWARE FOR USE WITH
THE NEW RAINBOW plus:

*DAMCO/ROTRONICS WAFADRIVE—Fast
reliable 128K dual drive storage system.
Includes Centronics and RS232 ports plus a
FREE word processor and biank wafer. ONLY
$154.95 + $5.00 S&H.

“GAMES PLAYER JOYSTICK INTERFACE
by d’ktronics. Kempston compatible features
‘freeze’ and siow motion control. ONLY
$19.95 + $2.50 S&H.

Pl ee ee ee et Pe it CLT CT Ee Ce ee ae et) |

E ook

VIEWord is a versatile word
processor for the TS-2068. It has a
full range of editing features
including block cut and paste.
Tabs, centering, printer codes,
headers, page numbering and more.
MAIList sorts and prints 200 mailing
labels. FORMail uses VIEWord and
MAIList files to print customized
form letters. Use TS-2040 or AERCO
parallel interface with 80 column
printer.

11 3 programs for just $25!

BANNERS prints 6 inch letters with
AERCO interface and 80 column
printer and continuous form paper.

Just $10!

Send check or money order to:
Jim Clatfelter, 3361 Sand Ridge Rd
Placerville CA 95667

“HIGH RES LIGHT PEN by d’ktronics.
Produce high resolution illustrations with the 16
pre-defined instructions. Complete with
software. ONLY $29.95 + 2.50 S&H.

“SPEECH SYNTHESIZER AND AMPLIFIER
by d’ktronics. Includes text to speech
converter. Everything you wish to be spoken is
entered in normal English. Supplied with a high
quality 4” speaker. ONLY $34.95 + $2.50 S&H.

“THREE CHANNEL SOUND SYNTHESIZER
by d’ktronics. Allows you to program your own
music with harmonies, explosions, zaps,
chimes, whistles etc. With software and a high
quality 4” speaker. ONLY $39.95 + $2.50 S&H.

“Spectrum compatible interface required for Timex 2068

TO ORDER send check, money order, VISA,
or MASTERCARD. Please include postage as
shown. No more than $5.00 postage required
per order.

DAMCO ENTERPRISES
67 BRADLEY CT., FALL RIVER, MASS.
02720

or call (617) 678-2110.

* VIEWord * MAIList * FORMail *

eounennanonsseonnennnesnunenunennnennueenuesents

ey yl )

ZEBRA Disk Drive System for TS2068 $299.95
Box of Ten (10) 3" Diskettes for ZEBRA Disk Drive $ 39.95

ZEBRA GRAPHICS TABLET for TS2068 $ 89.95
Includes FREE TS2068 Tech—Draw Software Cassette!

ZEBRA TALKER Voice Synthesiser for TS2068

ZEBRA TALKER Voice Synthesiser for TS1000
Optional Speaker/Amplifier for ZEBRA TALKER $

SPECTRUM EMULATOR CARTRIDGE

Send for our free Spectrum Software & Book Catalog...

WESTRIDGE 2050 Modem for the TS2068
Includes FREE TS2068 MTERM II Advanced Communications Program!
COMPLETE GUIDE TO MTERM II By Barry Carter

MSCRIPT TS2068 Wordprocessor

The BEST 64 Column Wordprocessor for your TS2068 Computer! Requires Aerco or
Tasman Parallel Printer Interface and any 80 Column Printer.

ZPRINT—80 High Resolution Screen Dump Program
ZPRINT—80 will print grey—scale reproductions of any color screen to your 80—Column
printer. Includes High and Low memory TS2068 and Spectrum Versions and is compatible
with AERCO, TASMAN, and A & J Centronics Printer Interfaces. Also includes advanced
80 Column LLIST and LPRINT Printer Drivers. ZPRINT-—80 is twice as fast as
TASCOPY, prints a better grey—scale dump and supports more Printer Interfaces too!
AVAILABLE NOVEMBER 1985 :
GREETING CARD DESIGNER for the TS2068 $ 29.95

Use your TS2068 with an AERCO, TASMAN, and A & J Printer Interface with an
EPSON, STAR MICRONICS, MEMOTECH, SEIKOSHA and C—ITOH 8510 Printer to
design and print Custom Greeting Cards for any occasion! Use built—in Graphic Icons or
design your own! Includes sample pack of Brightly Colored Paper and Envelopes!

AERCO TS2068 Centronics Printer Interface S 69.95
TASMAN 1TS82068 Centronics Printer Interface $ 69.95
AVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 1985

OS-—64 Enhanced Operating System Cartridge $ 29.95

OS—64 turns your 32 Column TS2068 into a 64 Column Computer, PRINT, PRINT AT,
PRINT TAB, LIST, LLIST, LPRINT, and Program Editing commands work in 64
Columns. Parallel Printer Drivers for LLIST, LPRINT, and COPY (COPY for Epson
Compatibles only!) for AERCO, TASMAN and A & J Interfaces built—in!

Send for FREE 48 Page Timex Product Catalog
Please include $3.00 Shipping with all orders, C.O.D. Orders add $3.00.
NYS Residents add appropriate Sales Tax. We Accept VISA and MASTERCARD.

ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC.

78—06 Jamaica Avenue Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296—2385

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OBS tS 8a]
ATTENTION TEACHERS

Are you tired of loading separate tapes for
each class? Oo you read the Sunday paper as
You wait for averages to be calculated?

WELL NO MORE!

T4S GRADER can handle all your classes at one

time for each grading period. On the 2668 or on
The 1666 with more than 16k you may very well
load all your classes for the entire year! And
You can retrieve class or individual records in
about 1 second! Any record fits an one screen.

Have 46 students per class and as many as 66
Qrades per student plus bonus au demerit pts.
Grades can be weighted leach class differently),
altered, or deleted. Each class can be put in
alphabetical order and names can be changed,
deleted, or transfered. New students can be
added to any class im any position.

A new version for the 2668 has recently been
completed with many additional features.

$13.95 (2668) $15.95 (1666) £1 (Info sheet)
From Robert C Fischer, 221 Scoggins St
SUMMmer ville, Georgia 2EP4e?

CUARANTEED

Cc Od FO UhN
mai A G See =~
@ 1984 Bill Erickson
T/S§ 2068
A coupon file that holds 190 coupon descriptions with
up to 99 coupons in each. A shopping list section that
is worth the price all by its self. And a storage list
that helds 100 items and their locations.

While the other two files are great, the shopping
list is the one that gets most of the work done. Like
the other two, it has on screen edit, but it also will
check up on the other files. IJt will tell you approx.
how much money to take when you go to the store, then
print out a shopping list on your 2040 that can hold
up to 100 items with notation to tell you if vou have
a coupon for an item. It also makes a netation if you
have the item stored someplace, + it gives you a place

QuarTerS

FOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR ENTHUSIASTS
PUBLISHED BY WMJ DATA SYSTEMS

A quarterly publication with an emphasis
on the use of the BASIC computer
language as it relates to the T/S
computers. QTS provides: programming
tips and articles, For you... up to date
T/S products, dealers, catalogs,
publications, reviews on hardware and
software...

"QuarTerS was really impressive
this spring and I would like to
Keep up the

say, "Well done."
great work."
Gary Preston II,
Southern VA Timex
Users Network

by each item to check off as you put it in the cart,
User into on-screen at all times for gasy operation

and @ greet graphic desplay ¢or eye appeal,

BEND check or money order for $14.95 + $1.50 P&H

Tot William Erickson
1445 Oldfield Rd,
Decatur, 6A 30030
USEFUL

FUN EASY T0

@®esees#k#eekss?ds @
GET BACK TO BASICS with

TS2068 Software
Multi-Draw 2068 .......-$24.95
Zeus Assembler .........919.95
Personal Accountant ....$24.95
BEES 1 eee aa ee 0 xs 0 s a
Home-Pac (20 Programs) .$29.95
Voice Chess ise 0% i sec 0c 0 924.95
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HARDWARE
ROMSWITCH = Add SPECTRUM capa-
bility to your TS2068 ..$54.95
RX-81 I/O Board - add input ani
output capability to your Z2¥”81l
TS1000 or TS206€ :

eBare-Board... iiss saw 18S
eAssembled and Tested ..$49.95
» @se @see#sees8es8ee8

USE

$8.00
$11.0

Or mo

asically

r ogrammin
Please include
check or money
order. Calif.
residents add
6% sales tax.
Please add
$2.50 shipping
and handling.
No COD's - US
funds only.

FOR COMPLETE
LISTING OF
PRODUCTS,

SEND FOR OUR
FREE CATALOG}

BP =- We have
not abandoned
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users!

(714) 738-C666

2528 W.
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@®se @asees

Olive AveJAssembled and Tested

year subscription
: Overseas subscription only
O(US$). Sample copy: $3.00. Check
ney order to:

(4 issues) only

WMJ DATA SYSTEMS
Dept TD
4 Butterfly Drive
Hauppauge, NY 11788

JOIN THE QTS FAMILY
KEEP THE T/S WORLD ALIVE!

#eseseekswsee#s#eese™
TS1000 Software
Quest for the Holy Grail & the
Elusive Mr. Big ....$17.95
ger amas TGo TeEt- 53. $14.95
ZX Pro-File (16K to 64K) $16.95
Grepn” 06 2% oo ee a 14. 95
BEStNECe As Css ss ines egies 2D
Metagvapnics ys .uwse ees 9 t4.95
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Eohoemeris V .-<asa30526 sens 9 LRs DD
PIBEACALC Lo 56 60 oS See Vs ede. 95
Teachers Gradebook ......$12.95
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DOs 6s 00 Ss Fens twa ws <ok. 95
fined Las tere. ccs a see ws oe 918.95
AD Black Star .as « betwee 29.95
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TS1000 HARDWARE
Buffered Buss Development Board
eBuffered expansion board wit,
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peasy 64.95
gout. 95

2633!|1Write for more information.
@©®upeeseese#rtee@es@6@esee

DE a a Te ry

CURRY COMPUTER
YOUR COMPLETE SINCLAIR STOCKIST

1000/1500 SPECIALS
WHILE SUPPLY LASTS
STATE ist, 2nd,» 3rd CHOICE

SPEECH SYNTHESIZER......$17.95
*TIMEX BRAND Plenty left in
Brod k-> & $05. 6 antec nas se o 23 4.50
16K Ram Packs..$197.95 + #1 s/h
*INTERCOMPUTER. Hopper: Tai>
Missile Launcher, Vegas/Jeop.;
Return from Space, Ghost Hunt,
Eduventure.3.. .«@@«ccess « we 00
*SOFTSYNC..Red Alert, Stk Mkt
Calc,» Math Raiders, Graphics
TK» and more...e€a..... cae ee
*QUICKSILVA...Munchees, Croaka
Crawl.» Pioneer Tr..ea....3.00
ZX 81’s — Reconditioned with
power; leads, manual, 30 day
warranty....e.-. $30 + $2.95 s/h
War in the East.........%$15.95
Textwriter 1000.........¢11.95
AlphaCom......%$69.95 + 3.95s/h

oO DOK Goo
DLAN...... oe ect eees eves $14.95
tBuff telecomm. s/w.......9.95

(download to Tasword file)
Bugaboo or Xadom.....@€a...9.95
Speech Synthesizer.......19.95
ROSE EP Tea op 5 Soe toe Cece eemZoe PO
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PIGunter FiiGtis civics s eeeti.97D

OmniEmu...... $head bee cu 4. 9OF
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S7EsINK oa ck oe eet tameae’? «7+

4K BOOKS / MAG Sto

Hackers Handbook.........$8.975<
Exp.Art.Intel.o/t Spect..12.95<
Mast. Mach. Code Spect...12.95<

GG User -ccaee hab ee a - -4.00
Sincbair -Users bas dae oc ee te s00
Sinclair -Prog.s4.6-s eeeees 4.00

Compt. & Video Games......4.00
Etec... -& Compt ...<.seeece.. -4.00
MOVITS Robot Kits.........call

SPECTURM *
Sn tts Gs oS es < sinew ss cee S95
Four th Prot ocol-. 30k. 2 1995
Spy: PROT ET 2 cee ise we cevecelasTD
Cal FOR sss co<n ss 0 cee cele.
Alien &..... eusececcaeneeel4 95
Spy VS_ SB. a<tcw 543 « cies 214.95
DangerMouse....cen eee nee Al 4.95
Rebel Star Raider........ 5.00
Great Space Race.........12.95
ee 3 Se see ee
Deus Ex Machina..........14.95
Speed Tidel.. .. naa ssineee & 95
Py QMS EREM Soe a> oS 5 ioe et - 12.85

Tank Trax..... =~ See 5 oS F<
GSnaGuer oo < cos cum cae Socks wa
fig Pee ee eee ee ee Se
Spawn -0f Evil ..ssisss scoes &.95
the Pe Mier 2... cm ous at ae a 11.95

Bat tke of £7173353.%5 ¥se000 12.95

* Subject to Stock Gn Hand

OK GIL steak
Cartridge Doctor........ $21.95
WD Utilities...... eceeneelSiFD
Ch Rete .cccussze cocenceceuV eta
pic. Si Ser oepeee ree See Se:
Se SRC AS 64 £6 500k occ oes 14.95
GraphiGL.........2. coewes s 049.95
Intro to SuperBASIC......10.95<
Mach. Code Prg. o/t @L...11.95<
Making The Most o/t GL...11.95<
G@L Handbook..... eeeeseseclZ2 FX
Using Graph. o/t GL......11.95<
Exp. Art. Intel. o/t QL..12.95<
ZKUL 4S ci ot é-ohes cs SS aces es eet4# 390
Wes fae ec ews She wet ee ste’ 95
Metacomco Assembler......52.95
Metacomco BCPL........2.2..797.95
Metacomco PASCAL........114.95
Metacomco LISE wwe ccc l Vt9D
Compt. 1 Assembler.......49.95
Compt. 1 PASCAL..........69.95
Cotip t... F- FORTH 6.4 &.k eres 69.95
Compt. 1 Monitor.........39.975

3344 W. BANFF; GLENDALE, AZ -—-— 602-978-2902

WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGS -

1000/2068, SPECTRUM OR GL

P.O. BOX 5607 GLENDALE, AZ 85312-5607
FREE S/H ON ALL SOFTWARE, <.75 GN BOOKS, +$1 ON PERIPHERALS
xe SOFTWARE ORDERS OVER $50 GO UPS 2ND DAY FREE kx

VISA/MC

ACCEPTED

>>Prices valid for 30 days from date of Fublication<<

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Ss

BANK SWITCHING OFERATING SYSTEM
FoR THE 242X8ivr@iTsioowoe

+e USE THE 48 TO 64K BLOCK OF MEMORY FOR BASIC PROGRAMS HH
HE CREATE A "VIRTUAL MEMORY" SYSTEM HER
+t AS DESCRIBED IN T S HORIZONS (March 1984 through March 1985) HHH
HRE USE WITH A 64K RAM PACK HH
x EH OR BUILD A BANK-SWITCHED SYSTEM WITH LIMITLESS MEMORY HHH

sii =
INTRODUCTION : optional banks |

The system is configured as shown in the diagram:

BANK 3

8 - 10K
RAMTOP
BSOS operating system
| (49106)
0 - 8K y 8 - 16K 16 - 32K 32 - 48K

LN NAESO, ORE ELL,

piractoes 704 bytes

C ~mands includes BSOS variables

— 49106 - 49151

SAVveE Save a file from the BASIC system to the bank

_oAD Load a file back from the bank into the BASIC system

ruUrRCcCE Purge a file from the bank

RECLAIM Clear variables or a program (or part) from the BASIC system

rActkKk Repack the contents of the bank

BANK Change from one bank to another

ROOM Determine space available in a bank

QUIT T Return to Sinclair BASIC system BANK 1 DIRECTORY
BSSEGESEZZAERRSRSERSRLAARSEESRRSAE
NG. NAME ~EXT ADDR SIZE

A sample directory listing the contents of A: DIRECTORY .DIR1:49152:00704;

a bank is shown on the right. Some of the B: SAVEROUTINE.PRG:498546:00134)

routines in BSOS can be called from within C: DEC-TO-HEX .PRG:49990:00308;

a BASIC program to create a virtual memory D: HEX-TO-DEC .PRG:50298:00134;

system —- so you can have a program larger CONVERSION .PRG:50432:00750:

than 16K or a huge data file. A virtual

memory system allows the program to change
while it is running.

The program on the tape will transfer the
operating system to the 8-10K blocks reset
RAMTOP to 49106; and load a directory (and
any routines already in the bank). The

{ B® is available for $10 ppd from:
HUNTER

16430 FOREST HILtLs DRIVE
OKEMOoOS, MICHIGAN 428044

1:SAVE S:PURGE 5:PACK 7:ROOM
2:LOAD 4:RECLAIM 6:BANK 8:QUIT

TS 1000 TS 1500 TS 2068

a Sinclair/Timex
User's Magazine

Hardware Projects ® Hardware Reviews
Software Reviews ¢ Product Comparisons
Published Monthly ¢ Back Issues Available
Free Personal Ads for Subscribers

SUM Magazine is aimed at Sinclair and Timex users who
want to learn what is available for their computers, how to
do things no one else is doing, and what is just over the
horizon. Examples of recent articles include: Building
your own Spectrum Emulator; an extensive series of
reviews on word processors for the 2068; adding an RGB
monitor to your 2068; and a series on repairing your
TS1000 and ZX81 computers.

SUM Magazine invites articles, reviews, and projects for
possible publication. We pay for articles published!
Hardware and software producers are invited to submit
their products for review.

Manual SubecrigWene ase ok von gs nese ci vere $12
Free Sample Copy on Request

SUM Magazine
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INTERFACE CARD

MFG.bY: cLicFORD & ASSOCIATES

For Your T-S 2068
NOW ONLY 35 for fully assembled
and tested Z-LINK
Z-LINK allows 2068 user to operate the Sinclair
Microdrives and many other English peripherals
designed for the Spectrum. Requires and works
with all types of Spectrum emulation,

ROMSWITCH and EMU. Easily plugs into rear port
of the 2068. Quality constructed.

Z-LINK assembled/tested....$35 (free postage)

Z-LINK bare board kit......$17 (free postage)

Send check/mo for proper amount To:

SINCLAIR ACCESSORIES LTD.
29703 S. Salo Rd. Mulino, OR 97042

FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS

each issue. Do you have some spare equipment you would like to
you have a program that you have written, and would like to sell

CLASSIFIED ADS: two weeks before publishing date.

NEXT ISSUE!

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NON-SUBSCRIBERS: $3 for each 32 col. line. DEALERS AND RETAILERS: $4 a 32
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ea

' Back by Popular Demand

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AVAILABLE FROM:

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2254 Taraval Street
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._ ~ (415) 665-6161

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COMPLETE WITH ALL
PARTS & INSTRUCTIONS
LIMITED WARRANTY

ZEBRA SYSTEMS
78-06 Jamaica Avenue
Woodhaven, NY 11421

(718) 296-2385

Announcing!!
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